Economic Development and Corruption Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Economic Development and Corruption - Essay Example In a developing economy there is improvement in the standard of living of people and focus on environmental stability also increases. Economic stability can sometime also give rise to materialism. People strive hard to make more money and they often use unethical means to achieve their materialistic targets. One such unethical method is corruption. Different people hold different views about the impact of corruption on the economic development. Many people view it as a barrier to economic development while others believe that it does not impact the society and economic development much (Easterly 2006). This paper is going to discuss various anecdotal evidence and view that people have about corruption in relation to economic development. Economies in the transition face often have large number of lobbying efforts going on. These economies are aiming for economic development and hence they do not care much about lobbying efforts and governments of these economies are more susceptible to lobbying pressures than a government of a more developed nation. The evidence and research shows that these lobbies often pay huge sum of money to the government pressures to accept their demand. The corrupt political system in these countries makes it possible for people to form lobbies and put pressure on political leaders. These leaders often get directions from these lobbies if they pay them well. Since many lobbying groups are fighting for what is good for their own business, they end up doing well for the society also. The theory of invisible hand comes into play here. The theory states that any action done for one’s own self motive or profit will eventually translate into good for the society. Hence, corruption in all cases is not bad and research on 4000 firms in developing countries shows that corruption has played a role in the economic development of a nation. (Campos & Giovannoni 2007) In another paper, it was argued that corruption is essentially bad for a gro wing economy. First of all, corruption reduces the value of shareholders. In growing economies where corruption is extremely high, the expected profit that the shareholders expect to make does not materialize. Much of the profit is lost in the corrupt red-lines of bureaucracy and hence shareholder value goes down in the corrupt economies. Many foreign companies therefore try not to invest in corrupt nations fearing that returns on investment in these economies would be far less than if the investment is made in the local setting. This reduces foreign direct investment flows into the corrupt economies and poses a big problem for the economic development. This argument shows us that corruption can be a big barrier in the economic development of a nation. (Weitzel & Berns 2006) In a recent paper written by a well known economist, it was argued that corruption is actually good for the economies. It increases the flow of wealth in the economy from one hand to another and promotes economi c activity which leads to economic development. It was argued that corruption becomes bad when the corruption money goes out from the system. Evidence shows that many political and rich figures in the developing economies put their money in bank accounts in the foreign countries. This is an example of money flowing out of the system and this money does not promote any

The US financial crisis of 2008 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The US financial crisis of 2008 - Essay Example It is not easy to identify the precise cause of the crisis. There were a number of factors that contributed to the crisis. The combination of the diverse factors led to a toxic potent mix that eventually reached a tipping point in September 2008, heralding the beginning of the full-blown financial crisis. The causes of the crisis can be divided into two. In the first group, there are long term structural problems within the US economy. These were deeper latent issues that existed for some time with seemingly no ill effects to the economy. The first was too much debt. From 1980 to 2007, the total debt per person in the country rose from just below US $ 4 000 to around US $ 30 000 (Federal debt per person US 1). The perception that the housing market had perfect price inelasticity fuelled the debt accumulation. Americans using the value of their homes for refinancing believed the value of their homes will continue rising without affecting the demand for housing. This debt levels were t oo high for a healthy economy. The looming structural deficits also played a role. Medicare and Social Security off-balance sheet debt was likely to increase the US insolvency, reducing investor confidence on the country. The US has had trade deficits consistently for some time. The deficits are mostly because of the dollar having a reserve currency status and undervaluing of the Chinese Yuan. This led to the decline of the US export industry, and the dependent manufacturing base. Internal deficits mirror the external trade deficit. The government cannot borrow indefinitely, and the large internal deficits contributed to the crisis (Jickling 2). The rating agencies had a hand in the crisis. The market relies excessively on the ratings given by the rating agencies. Laws and regulations that allow the use of ratings as a basis for permissible investments buttress this dependence. However, the rating agencies have a poor regulatory framework. The rating agencies are an oligopoly and, d id not provide accurate rating assessments. Some of the AAA ratings given to the subprime mortgage-backed securities were later downgraded to junk status. Rating agencies' failure was due to use of poor economic models, conflicts of interest and poor oversight. The US tax code was also a contributory factor. The tax code is inefficient and has complex rules. It also has tax expenditure subsidies exploited by the suave Wall Street operators. Another factor leading to the outbreak of the financial crisis is deregulation of the financial sector and the markets. The SEC in 2004 liberalized the net capital rule. Consequently, investment bank holding companies were free to run extremely high leverage ratios (Jickling 3). The SEC's Consolidated Supervised Entities meant to police the largest investment banks was an ineffective voluntary program. Other laws, for example, the Commodity Futures Modernization Act (CFMA) and the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLBA) give financial institutions carte bl anch to undertake risky transactions that were unregulated in a vast scale. The laws placed too much faith in self-regulation and robustness of the market. By 2007, most financial institutions had accumulated large debts with dubious credit worthiness. The deregulation led to the invention of spurious financial instruments that enriched the financial sector at the expense of everybody else. In this category, the

Reviewing The Challenges Of Domestic Violence Social Work Essay

Reviewing The Challenges Of Domestic Violence Social Work Essay The widespread of hidden challenges living with violence has occurred in the case study. The Australia National Committee on Violence Against Women 1992, coin the term domestic violence as a means to control women which can result in physical, sexual and or psychological harm, enforced social isolation, economic deprivation and or intimidation, and ultimately causes women to live in fear ( Seeley Plunkett, 2002, p.12). It is essential that I as a counsellor not only recognise domestic violence (DV). I need to understand DV in the context of everyday living, if I am to work with clients or this client. DV is considered to be one of the most common forms of assault, as crime data reveals that assault against the person is a significant offence category, and can happen to anyone however, the problem is often unnoticed, excused, or denied (Holmes et al., 2007). Meanwhile, DV traditionally has been viewed as a private matter and thus not defined as a criminal offence, its incidence has b een difficult to quantify, as the occurrence is geographical in all areas of Australia plus all socioeconomically and cultural groups (Seeley Plunkett, 2002). Subsequently the paper has four themes. Social, legal and ethical issues raised. Personally and professionally challenges. An expressed plan for working with this client, in light of the challenges and best practice. A discussion of the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation Association (PACFA) code of ethics and related legislations including the usefulness of both in relation to the issues in the case study. Social, Legal and Ethical Issues Raised Domestic violence is a matter of considerable concern; it is difficult to predict the escalation of violence in this situation. Yet, the enduring negative effects of social, legal, and ethical issues of DV in this case study, is a serious problem that is affecting not only the mother, but her children. It would be comforting for her to think that her children are not affected by DV; perhaps she considers the children may be too young to perceive, or understand what is happening. This client is unable to respond appropriately to the childrens needs, because of the impact it is having on herself (Seeley Plunkett, 2002). The statement made by the children, express that they are aware of the violence, and are not fooled by their mothers attempt to conceal it. However, the mother present unawareness in her situation, therefore, her marriage conflicts and fights will have a significant effect on how secure her children feel, in turn significantly affecting their future, and emotional adju stments where they may emulate the violence behaviour, and perceive it as been normal (Seeley Plunkett, 2002). Social issues. The social issue of violence in the family home, is one damaging position in family life that knows no boundaries, it addresses all socioeconomic, racial, ethnic, gender and age boundaries. Social learning theory is widely applied to understanding the impact of DV on children it holds that we learn to be aggressive by observing aggression in others, and individuals raised in a society with violent role models will learn aggressive responses (Bandura, 1973). Thus, this clients modelling, along with her husband plays a distinctive role around their children future behaviour as been learned and reinforced in their childhood directly or indirectly and then carried onto their adulthood as a socialized means of coping with conflict resolution (Bandura, 1973). The childrens social problems of feeling isolated, lacking confidence in their own abilities, developing an understanding of not actuality being able to fit in, have trouble trusting because of the violation of the primary keeping with their parents (Davies, Lyon, Monti-Catania, 1998). Following this, the client as a battered women may include social and financial risk that are essential to her in making a decision to leave; perhaps her thoughts are how she will arrange for herself and her children, where will she find housing, money to feed her family (Davies et al., 1998). Society has the tendency to make judgement on female victims, and survivors of DV, regardless of them feeling utter shame about DV, where they are blaming themselves, understanding of society is that women choose to stay and for that reason it is her fault because she could leave if she wanted Geller, 1992 (as cited in Seeley Plunkett, 2002). Social isolation is another factor, which becomes a powerful factor in abuse, and neglect. Victims pull away physically and emotionally from other family member, friends, and communities in whom they live in order to hide the shame of their interactions, and silence themselves to survive (Kurst Swanger Petcosky 2003). This contribution may be a result of the abusers assertion of power and control, by restricting their victims movements and social contacts or by monitoring them carefully. Gelles, 1997 (as cited in Kurst- Swanger Petcosky, 2003) found the difficulty lies in the fact that where privacy is high, the degree of social control will be low (p.10). Legal issues. A legal response must be justified when victims are subjected to DV, I have a duty to protect, and warn, and willing to breach client- counsellor confidentiality with the inform consent of this client, especially when the safety of others are at risk. Educating this client with the Family Violence Protection Act 2008 (Vic) (FVPA) will allow her to understand FVPA has aims, and objectives to include that non-violence is a fundamental social value, family violence is a fundamental violation of human rights, and that the justice system treat the views of victims of family violence with respect. (Peirce, 2009, para.7). Thru acknowledging this kind of family violence, and the impact on children through the process beyond physical, sexual violence to emotional, psychological, economic abuse, it may extend beyond the overt of exploitation of power imbalances (Peirce, 2009). FVPA states one must maximise safety for children and adults who have experienced family violence, prevent and reduce family violence to the greatest extent possible; and promote the accountability of perpetrators of family violence for their actions (Violence Protection Act 2008 Vic, s.1).The client will then realise that the aim of the family act objective is to provide an effective and accessible system of family violence intervention orders and family violence safety notices; and creating offences for contraventions of family violence intervention orders and family violence safety notices (Violence Protection Act 2008 Vic, s.2). The client does not seem to think that there is any potential danger, regardless of the black eye present Walker, 1987 (as cited in Seeley Plunkett, 2002) suggest that unless safety is addressed then victims are at risk, and for this reason it would benefit the client to know that I am concerned, this client must also understand that Children and Young Persons Act 1998 Vic, states that a child is at risk if the child has been exposed to domestic violence and if the parent has behaved in such a way that the suffered (children) or is at risk of suffering(s.23). The children are aware, so reinforcing this knowledge will help her to stop concealing DV as an accident. Furthermore the law of Victorian Charter of Human Rights and Responsibilities Act 2006(Vic) sets out our freedoms, rights and responsibilities, it has the potential to protect clients in DV situation from injustice which will benefit this client, she has the opportunity to participate in and contribute to society(Charter of Human Rights and Responsibilities Act 2006 Vic). In doing so there is accountability for the abuser, protection for her, and the children according to their best interest without discrimination, safety needs must take precedence, as families are entitled to protection. This includes counsellors constraining their ethical duties by safeguarding the victims and reporting concerns. Ethical issues. Counsellors have an ethical responsibility to their clients DV situations, because of the ethical dilemmas it presents and the risk in engaging in unethical practice. I must provide a session, and treatment that is ethically sound which takes into an account of acknowledging complete autonomy for the client best interest, and autonomy for her children, counsellors would benefit from the copious knowledge of, and competence that state laws, and ethical standards present in their relevant organization, and association, for me it would be (PACFA). The ethical dilemma in this situation is one of protecting the client and children, thus having to make a decision to where I might have to break confidentiality. Another ethical concern is that I as the counsellor may not have enough experience to handle the complexity of this situation, regardless of my invaluable experience of the impact DV has had on me. Since supervision is an ongoing requirement for counsellors, I would act on supervision immediately to have my performance monitor in order to provide accountability for practice. Ethically if this was to be my first time in treating a DV victim, I would have difficulty in showing her a non- judgemental posture, as her experience may remind me of my own experience, which could possibly interfere. An Analysis of the Challenges Personally and Professionally Personally I would empathise with this client, showing understanding because I know exactly what the challenges of living with violence feels likes. I as a child grew up witnessing the physical and emotional abuse my parents laid on each other. Thus, those effects had a huge impact on my life which took place when I arrived in Australia, not knowing until now why my actions of been disobedient, and uncertain were virtually negative, to the point where I always felt the need to be rescued by power and authority. For that reason, choosing a man who is an expert at empowering total control of emotional and sexual abuse, allowing me to feel so sad, and not knowing what to do, because in the words of my mothers I have made my bed, now I must (lie) in it, as oppose laying in the problem literally lying, the matter is private. I will personally feel the challenge of not being able to get upset and perhaps angry, the challenge of understanding her struggle, fear, doubt and not knowing which way to go, especially if she is still in love with her husband and most of all reliving the experience while she is expressing her shattering experience of living with violence. Professionally I may encounter the challenge of getting my client to admit that she is a Battered woman, due to the fact that she seems to be in denial when she states that her black eye is just an accident. Thus fabricating and distorting her reality perhaps to cope, and protect her children from the overpowering reaction to the abuse that she is receiving. Another challenge is her belief about her children not being in any danger, as they are in bed when the fighting occurs. Nonetheless the most significant challenge is the disclosure from one of her children like when you fight and throw things well that tells me they are being exposed to DV in their own home. A Plan for Working with This Client in Light Of the Challenges and Best Practice In light of the challenges, the plan for this client is to provide a complete therapy which seeks wholly to resolve her fundamental challenges of living with violence, for which she is, seeking, help (McLeod, 2009). This must be done by providing a safe and supportive therapeutic relationship, so that she is able to restore her safety, reconnect too herself, reclaims her control and develops self-efficiency. Including metallise her feelings, and allow herself to experiment with new possibilities for understanding those feelings, thoughts and possible actions that she is struggling with. An approach would seek to find out all the details of her descriptions to DV experience, in the hopes of helping her reach a limit to her identity, experiences, and her known capacities of who she is and what she can do about the situation. Bringing forth awareness and consequently facilitating the potential for change out of the chaos. The plan would benefit the client to be link to multiagency resources that are available in the community and would require myself as the counsellor to form links with both statutory and voluntary agencies, so that the client is provided with a supportive network for victims of DV (Saunders, 2008). Herman, 2001 (cited in Saunders, 2008) states the cardinal principal when working with survivors of DA is safety, because no therapeutic work can proceed until internal and external safety is established (p.85). Thus a meticulous risk assessment must be carried out in order to establish whether the client and her children are in any danger, regardless of the fact she states they are not, hence allowing for any potential danger (Saunders, 2008). My desire for best practice is to improve my counselling skills, help myself before I can help others, and continue to recognise the importance of being empathetic and sincere in my behaviour. I intend to treat all clients with compassion and respect. If I am to work with DV victims, my goal is to help them with their personal, social, interpersonal, legal and practical issues that confront their reality. A Discussion of (PACFA) Code of Ethics, The Relevant Legislations and The Usefulness of The Code in Relation To The issues In the Case Study. PACFA has established a self-regulation and self- governing role for the profession as a whole, the code of ethics is a set of guidelines a framework to support and inform us, ultimately it remains the responsibility of the individual. It allows for belief that one has the right combination of attributes, and skills to help, recognise, and respond to any problem as promised (Schofield, Grant, Holmes, Barletta 2006). The PACFA code does not have a DV code of ethics; however the usefulness of the code represents the official statement of the profession about what is expected of counsellors, as we are held accountable for our  actions that breach the code (Bond, 1993). In analysing the case study, I found the framework of taking a systemic approach of the code to be useful, for it has a contribution to support the ethical dilemmas I faced; this was attended to by acknowledging the ethical principles, and ethical decision making to avoid ambiguity. I found that the ethical principles provided me enough information to explain what I had to do to develop an appropriate attempt to address the moral dilemma of DV, by the usefulness of understanding and respecting complete autonomy for the client, which includes expressing the concerns I have on the autonomy of her children. The usefulness of non-maleficence becomes the responsibilities of me to cause no harm to my client, by providing the appropriate, and explained intervention strategies that will avoid the adverse effects of DV (Bond, 1993). Thus, considering my responsibilities by applying beneficence, and justice, as the code expects us to act in a manner that is not discriminating, this client is entitled to a fair treatment, and if I am unable to help I must provide an option made available (PACFA, 2010). The complexity of the issues raised in the case study is a matter of concern, as the client is in denial towards the potential danger she and her children may be at risk. This was acknowledge by her minimizin g the impact of her partners actions by which she falsified, and distorted the reality of the abuse indicating it is an Accident, perhaps because she is afraid of the abuser and the steps to recovery. Consequently the usefulness of fidelity establishes the client- counsellor relationship which is based on duty to help her feel empowered. I found the information on legislations pertaining to this case study useful to help solve DV from a legal perspective, the government interventions and laws, statutes regulatory policy and governmental mandates. I have found that they serve to establish rules of conducts for individuals and organizations, regardless of the fact that counsellors are unable to mandate DV first hand for battered victims. The usefulness of the orders of protection in victoria is implemented to make civil-legal remedies for the victims and their spouses, as the term and conditions are personalized to suit the victims environment and includes a presumption in favour of a request to remove the perpetrator from the home (FVPA s 82). Abused women, for that reason, need counsellors, psychologist, social workers, nurses, physicians, and lawyers who can assist them to manage resources and who can explain the difficulties they will come across as they try to free themselves from violent relationships (Roberts, 2 002). In conclusion, I have understood that DV is an issue that is clearly seen as a destructive element to the victims and their families that are subjected to abuse. Thus, listening to those who ask for help, is understood by encompassing key professional values related to DV and resolving ethical dilemmas by providing safety, protection, being nonjudgmental, self-determined, confidential and most of all maintaining the clients agenda.

Imagery In Macbeth Essay -- essays research papers

Response to â€Å"Macbeth† 2. How does Shakespeare’s use of imagery and recurring symbols add depth and meaning to the plot and characters in the play? In all of Shakespeare's plays he uses many forms of imagery. Imagery is the art of making images, the products of imagination. In the play 'Macbeth' Shakespeare applies the imagery of clothing, darkness and blood. Each detail is his imagery, seems to contain an important symbol of the play, symbols that the audience must understand if they are to interpret either a passage or the play as a whole. Within the play 'Macbeth' the imagery of clothing portrays that Macbeth is seeking to hide his "disgraceful self" from his eyes and others. Shakespeare wants to keep alive the ironical contrast between the wretched creature that Macbeth really is and the disguises he assumes to conceal the fact. The audience thinks of the play honours as garments to be worn; likewise, Macbeth is constantly represented symbolically as the wearer of robes not belonging to him. In the following passage, the idea constantly recurs that Macbeth's new honours sit ill upon him, like loose and badly fitting garments, which are upon him but he is still surprised that he has gained this new position: "New honours come upon him, Like our strange garments, cleave not to their mould, But with the aid of use." (Act I, iii: 144) The second form of imagery used to add to the atmosphere, the imagery of darkness. In a Shakespearean tragedy, the audience have known him to create a special tone, or atmosphere to show the darkness in a tragedy. In 'Macbeth', Shakespeare draws upon the design of the witches, the guilt in Macbeth's soul, and the darkness of the night to establish the atmosphere. All of the remarkable scenes take place at night or in some dark spot; for instance, the vision of the dagger, the murder of Duncan, the murder of Banquo, and Lady Macbeth's sleep walking. Darkness is the time when the traveller hastens to reach safety in his inn, when Banquo rides homeward to meet his assassins; furthermore, it is the time when the wolf howls, the owl screams, and when murder takes forth to his work. In 'Macbeth' darkness symbolizes many things. First, and most importantly, it stands for the evil and death in the play. The darkness could partially blind out all of the horrible things that occur in the night, for only in da... ...s honoured achievement that they congratulate Macduff for. In Macbeth, imagery plays a crucial role in developing the character of MacBeth. The audience sees this through the images of clothing, light and darkness, and blood. Clothing in Macbeth is often compared to Scottish titles, or ranks. Darkness is used to represent evil, and through different types of evil the audience sees Macbeth’s true nature. The murders that Macbeth commits are at night, due to their evil nature. Light, on the contrary, represents good, and shows us the truly brutal nature of Macbeth’s crimes. Blood, the most dominant symbol in the play, shows us the changes in Macbeth’s character, from the start of the play to the end. The viewer sees how the blood drawn by Macbeth changed from noble blood, to corrupt blood. This ultimately, led to his own blood being drawn. Shakespeare makes obvious his marvellous use of imagery, and gives way to feelings that could not have been felt otherwise. Without imagery, this masterpiece may not have been considered so, for we have seen, what a momentous effect it has on the play, as a whole. Remember, a picture tells a thousand words, however, an image might just tell more.

How Do Movies Or Television Influence People’s Behavior Essay

Great changes have taken place in human society along development of technology, and movies or television are a big part of this. Such entertaining methods affect on people’s behavior in many ways. I believe that television and especially movies are one of the major and outstanding achievements of humankind. Every movie makes an impression on people. How big this impression is depends on a person, his characteristic features, his weak or strong sides. Movies and television also can make people more violent. The more we see violent acts on television, the less sensitive we become to them.Eventually violence doesn’t seem wrong. We may even commit violent acts ourselves. This is especially true because we don’t always realize that violence has consequences. Actors can be killed and come back for another movie. Sometimes we confuse that with reality. We forget that killing someone is permanent. Of course, watching movies and television can also be good for us. It can give us a broader window on the world. For example, seeing movies can expose us to people of different races and cultures. We can then overcome some prejudices more easily. Recently there have been more handicapped people in films, and this also helps reduce prejudice. The best influence on our behavior is that movies and television reduce stress. Watching films, we can escape our own problems for a little while. Also, sometime movies show positive ways to resolve problems we all face. While TV and movies shouldn’t be a way to hide from life, sometimes they can help us cope. First of all, movies and television influence people’s thinking and action, especially the youth who are vulnerable. For instance, violence and sexual scenes result in young people cruel behavior. According to media, there have been serial murders which committed in school in China, and some scientists believed that the serious actions may involve in so many violence scenes in the media. Secondly, people who spend too much time to watch movies or television  can get addicted and tend to have sedentary lifestyle. They seldom do exercise and get fatter. Obviously, this is not good for their health and relationship between family members. Some housewives, for example, spend so much time watching tv that some of them forget to prepare meals for their family or neglect their children. This behavior may affect negatively on the family relationship. In contrast, movies and television play significant role in entertaining people. Therefore, people’s behavior can change positively after they feel relax. In addition, some kinds of movies or TV programs contain moral value which help people distinguish between wrong and right. Furthermore some TV channels such as Discovery and Animal Planet can raise people’s awareness of environmental protection. Movies can lead us to high aims. They can have stories of people who made great sacrifices for their noble ideas. Thus movies teach us how important struggle is for success.In this connection movies on great people like Abrahan Lincoln, Winston Churchill, Kamal Ataturk and the Quaid-e-Azam deserve special praise. Informative or educative movies are generally scientific,historical,political and cultural . Scientific films brings home to us new inventions and discoveries. They inform us about new adventures of man.These can be in our own language or in foreign languages. Historical and political movies inform us about the great empires like the Chinese and roman. Cultural movies let us know about religions, arts, literatures and traditions of different societies. Movies can have a negative influence in a number of ways. There are movies about criminals. They present their crimes in attractive ways. Movies with accidents and stories having negative effect upon character should be avoided. The invention for television and movies influenced people’s behavior so much, wether that behavior is good or bad, they make them have new habits, new clothes and new information. For example when the young people watch movies like Super Man and Spider Man they try to do what they have seen in the movie, they will jump from high places which might harm them, ,or the people who watch the famous stars in the tv like Tom Cruez, or Madonna, trying to imitate their hairstyle and wear same clothes like them, those have absulotely obvious impact.  In brief, movies and television obviously affect on people’s behavior. However if people can limit amount of time they spend to watch and choose proper films and channels, people will have benefits and can prevent the disadvantages.

Module One Wellness Plan Essay

Include your goals for each area of wellness before completing the reflection question. 1.Physical : I will go to the gym every Monday and Wednesday for 1 hour for al least 1 month. 2.Social : I will join another club for this school year 3.Emotional : I will set weekly goal every week for 1 month 4.Academic: I will get at least 200 more service hours by the end of the year. Goal Reflection Question: Which of your wellness goals is the most important to you? Explain why. My academic goal is most important to me because now that I am older and about to start college I need to get more service hours to get a scholarships. I feel that its something I must do no matter what and in the end if it doesn’t help me then so be it but I know I helped others and helped my community. Were you able to maintain your workouts within your calculated target heart rate zone? Explain which activities you enjoyed most and which best helped you stay in your THR zone. Because of how hot Florida get I don’t like running outside, not saying that I don’t ever do it but its just not my thing. I prefer to run on a treadmill. That always keeps me in my target heart rate zone. Fitness Assessment Reflection Questions: Explain how you feel about your scores when compared to the Healthy Fitness Zone Standards. I think that in most areas i have been doing pretty good in the healthy fitness standards. Although there is plenty of room to improve also in both my curl ups and my push ups but im still doing pretty good for my age. Explain how your activity routine is improving each of your health-related components of fitness (flexibility, muscular strength and endurance, cardiovascular, and body composition)? Physical Activity Reflection Question: Explain how you have applied or will apply each of the FITT principles in your workouts. Frequency: Some activities, like color guard and working out at the gym, I do with regular frequency about every other day. Intensity: I am working at moderate to vigorous intensity in most of my workouts. By speeding up the elliptical machine, I can push myself at a higher intensity while keeping my time on the machine the same. Time: I am spending at least 30 minutes on most of my activities. My intention is to increase the minimum time to 35-40 minutes on all days. Type: I am doing a lot of activities focused on cardio and muscles because of color guard, so I probably need to add some other activities to work toward flexibility and to avoid tedium. Use the formulas to calculate your moves and complete the chart above. Average daily moves this week = Total number of physical activity minutes for the last 7 days x 26.19 Percent toward my goal this week = Total average daily moves à · by 12,000 Total moves this week = Total number of physical activity minutes for the last 7 days x 183.33 Your parent/guardian must verify your workout during our required monthly contact. Fitness Tracker Reflection Question: Discuss changes you can make in your workout routine to increase your activity participation and improve on your achievements. Include adjustments to completed activities and activities you may wish to add to your routine. There isnt much I can do during my daily routine to increase my number of moves while i am in school, but on the weekends i can make an effort to wear it more and do more with it on.

Student Athletes Essays - Student Athlete, Free Essays, Term Papers

Student Athletes Essays - Student Athlete, Free Essays, Term Papers Student Athletes Athletes Should Get Paid As you sit at the stadium or in your home and watch college football, basketball, or even baseball, do you ever wonder where the money goes from all the ticket sales? Colleges make a lot of money from their athletics. I feel that the profit that is made should partly go back to the student athlete. College athletes should be paid for their participation in sports, since sports make a lot of money for the college. A student athlete's schedule is very hectic. There are many activities that have to be attended daily. A student athlete is expected to go to class every day, and later in, the day they are expected to meet at practice, no matter what the sport. After practice, the student athlete must eat dinner. Then, the person has to go home to their dorm to do homework, which can last for hours. There is very little time during the day, to allow the student athlete to get a job. Most of the time coaches will not allow the students to work, due to schedule conflict, and it is also hard on the student's studies. If the coach doesn't allow a job and there is no time for one, where does the student get money? Student finances are very limited. Most of the money that students have is from parents or student loans. Students need money for food, gas and laundry. If a student eats three meals a day, it would usually cost then about fifteen dollars. For a five-day week it would be around seventy-five dollars. Usually, the student athletes do not travel much, so gas expenses would be minimal. However there are those occasional trips home to see family. The student also needs money for laundry. Laundry runs around five or six dollars per week. Years ago, student athletes at colleges and universities were given laundry money, which was twenty-five to thirty dollars a week. The money could be spent freely. It was like an allowance that your parents would give you every week. I feel that this little support would at least help the student when money is hard to come by at home. With the financial help of the college, a student athlete would only have to supply around fifty dollars per week instead o f seventy- or eighty-five A student would have less financial troubles if they were compensated for athletics. If athletes were paid, they could have a better start out of college. For instance, if the student athlete has to get a loan during college because he or she has no money for necessities, that student athlete has started to dig a financial hole. That hole will be a burden to the student athlete when her or she graduates from college. Also, the student athlete's parents will not be financially troubled when the student graduates from college. It would make it easier on student athletes and their parents mentally and physically if student athletes were paid. Mentally, the parents would not have to worry about paying the bills when tuition is due. Physically, the parents and students would not have to break their back to work overtime, or to have a job while in school, and play athletics as well. I feel that student athletes have a lot to worry about. One is their grades; two is their performance in games. I feel the last thing a student athlete should worry about is how they are going to make money to pay for necessities, since the student plays a sport that makes money for the college. Student athletes should be compensated for their participation in athletics while attending college.

Technology Is the Solution to Overpopulation Essays

Technology Is the Solution to Overpopulation Essays Technology Is the Solution to Overpopulation Paper Technology Is the Solution to Overpopulation Paper At some point the steadily rising population will move from being a problem that is geographically distant to one that is immediate and more salient than just an increasing value on a faceless counter. This problem of population growth leads to a number of solutions that could have significant implications on the quality of life. Taking no action and allowing population to grow unchecked could possibly risk the entire human species if food or clean water were to become unavailable worldwide. Aiming for zero population growth would in theory maintain the existing quality of fife since a stable population would not increase their use of resources. However not all resources are renewable, so scarcities could still occur with a fixed population size. In an extreme case permanent resource depletion under zero population growth could have the same extinction effect that unchecked growth can lead to. Despite the escalating risk of unchecked population growth, technological advances necessitated by the increase in population will at least maintain the quality of life and could possibly improve conditions. Southwest in Global Ecology in Human Perspective says that human population has increased geometrically over the past two millennia. With a high number of people in their reproductive age the potential for continued growth is likely. Southwest says that scientists think the world population has increased far beyond an optimal size of one to two billion. The optimal population comes from a standard of middle class quality of life. A more critical analysis of population growth relates it to a cancer in an organism. Despite the level of pessimism on population growth, future research needs to be conducted with a more objective viewpoint to counteract cultural and emotional origins (Southwest, 1996). With the likelihood that population will continue to increase when considering Southwests observation that many people able to reproduce, the population will continue to move further from its optimal size. This deviation implies that the quality of life must be decreasing for many. In reality this decline has not happened. As discussed in class, increased agricultural yields have allowed for a larger population to be adequately supported. Even with the increased amount of food, Southwest says that 20 percent of the world population is malnourished (1996). More food may be available but it still is to being distributed to all of those who need it. The lack of rapid worldwide transport of all goods including food may appear to be a hindrance to well- being but this disconnection between locations may provide an important health safeguard. Diseases are another negative factor to human population growth and some highly contagious fatal diseases can risk human extinction. A virus can only spread if it can find someone else to infect before it kills the carrier. A fatal disease that leads to death after a long period of time increases the chance that the carrier can infect other people, in turn bringing population closer to extinction. In terms Of transportation, if people and goods in the world are too well connected, then a fatal disease that has the potential to lead to extinction would be able to infect many people over large area since the disease can spread quickly over trade routes. The World Health Organization has found that the current spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome or CARS is facilitated by international travel and can quickly infect many people around the world. Originating in Southeast Asia, speedy transportation has turned CARS from a regional problem into an international issue (World Health Organization, 2003). To avoid the risk of mass deaths due to rapidly spreading diseases, international policymakers need to avoid the creation off level of world interconnectedness that is too quick. A slightly disconnected world may mean goods may not reach all places where in demand, but the risk of fatal diseases affecting large regions of population would be less. The ideal model of resource distribution is to have necessities be located near areas of population. Localized resources would reduce the need for goods to travel long distances over a lengthened period of time to avoid the spread of disease. Increased levels of population could live well off of added amounts of food that are nearby. This best case of locating populations near resources would be difficult to obtain in practice as resources and populations are already in fixed locations. If people were unwilling to move near where food is available it would be difficult, except in times Of war and famine, to force them to relocate. A compromise solution would accept the fact that not all people of the world will be able to have a high standard of living but the potential for improved quality exists. This potential cannot be reached immediately since resources ND population remain geographically separate and faster transportation would increase the spread of fatal diseases.

SAT Practice Tests How to Reflect and Get the Most Out of Them

SAT Practice Tests How to Reflect and Get the Most Out of Them SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Taking an SAT practice test is one thing, and using the results to actually improve your scores in the future is another. If you’re spending five hours on a practice test, you should make sure that you’re getting the most out of it and not sweeping your mistakes under the rug. In this article, I’ll give you some different strategies for making your practice test sessions count. Mistakes on Practice Tests: What They Look Like and Why They're Important After taking a practice test, it’s extremely important to look back at the questions you answered incorrectly and make assessments about which areas need the most improvement. You’re not going to be able to raise your SAT scores until you get to the bottom of what’s holding you back. Through evaluating your mistakes and fixing them methodically, you can make dramatic changes to your performance on the test. Most mistakes on the SATwill fall into one of four categories: Ran Out of Time Basically, this applies to questions that you missed because you didn’t get to them or you just guessed randomly at the end.If you end up with a lot of these types of mistakes, you'll need to revise some of your strategies for test taking.See our articles on how to stop running out of time on SAT Reading and SAT Math for advice. Content Weakness This type of mistake means that you didn’t understand the underlying concept that was being tested.This will come up most frequently on the math section.These mistakes can be broken down into more specific categories like â€Å"confusion about factoring† so that you know exactly which materials you need to study to improve your weak areas. Misunderstanding the Question This is a mistake where the phrasing of a question confused you and prompted you to answer incorrectly.These are tricky mistakes to fix, but it’s important to pay attention to them.Usually misunderstandings can be at least partially remedied by practice with the format of the test and greater familiarity with the types of questions that the SAT likes to ask. Careless Mistakes These are the mistakes you made that seem absurd in hindsight.You might have missed a â€Å"NOT† or an â€Å"EXCEPT† in a question, or you might have solved for the wrong value in a math problem.Usually these mistakes are a result of not reading carefully enough and letting your anxiety get the best of you. All of these mistakes can be remedied if you acknowledge them and adjust your study strategies appropriately. In the next section, I'll give you some tips on how to reflect on the results of practice tests by categorizing your mistakes and fixing them methodically. It's corny, but it's true. How to Understand and Reflect on Practice Test Mistakes Depending on how much time you have, you might use different strategies to reflect on your mistakes on practice tests. If You Have 20-40 Hours to Prep: You’re going to need to work fast to fix your mistakes, so you might not have time to get into the deeper issues you have with content weaknesses.After you take an initial practice test, you should see if you noticed any obvious areas of weakness. If you noticed that running out of time was a big issue, you might need to pace yourself better next time you take the test.Most of the time, this just means skipping difficult questions when you start to spend too much time on them (more than 30 seconds). Answer all the more straightforward questions first, and then go back and work on the hard ones so you don't miss out on any easy points at the end of the section. If you made a lot of careless mistakes, you should remind yourself to read the questions more carefully next time and check your answers at the end of each section.Careless mistakes sometimes mean you're rushing too much, so you may need to remind yourself to slow down a little and think through each question thoroughly before answering. If you notice some relatively superficial content weaknesses, you may be able to study up on those and fix them, but if you’re confused about a big topic area it’s best to just focus on more easily fixable problems in the short time you have before the test. After you spend four hours or so analyzing your mistakes, adjusting your strategies to account for them, and doing relevant practice questions, you cantake another test and see how you do.Repeat the same process of fixing your mistakes with the second practice test, and then take a third and final practice test when you’re done.If you have a little more time and you've noticed that you're improving significantly (by 50 to 100 points) with each new practice test, you can repeat the process again before your real test date. If You Have 40-100 Hours to Prep: If you have this much time, you can do a complete analysis of your mistakes on practice tests. First, take an initial practice test to get a baseline reading on your scores.After you finish scoring the test, you should go back through all of the questions that you answered incorrectly and categorize them based on the types of mistakes I mentioned in the previous section. Once you’ve categorized all of your mistakes, you can rank your areas of weakness from most frequently observed to least. This will allow you to get a better sense of where most of your mistakes are coming from and which areas need the most work. Then, you can start fixing things in order of which mistakes will respond the fastest to corrective prep measures.Usually, this means starting with content weakness since these mistakes can be fixed simply by studying up on the material you don’t know. They have the least to do with the format of the test itself, so they will respond more quickly to your studying efforts.Then, you can move on to formulating better strategies for coping with issues like time pressure and careless mistakes. After you’ve done a thorough assessment of your mistakes and corrected the most glaring problems you noticed, you should take another practice test to see whether you've improved.If you notice significant improvements, you can do another assessment to reevaluate your mistakes and shoot for even higher goals.If not, you should reconsider the manner in which you addressed your mistakes initially and see if you need to push your studying further and do more practice questions in order to break through to a higher score. Repeat the process of taking practice tests and assessing your mistakes until you reach a score level that makes you happy. You can consult this guide for advice on calculating a good target score for your needs.You might also decide to adjust your study time between practice tests to accommodate your personal level of focus and learning style. Taking a practice test is like sending out a crash test dummy for your SAT scores. When you reach your target score, you're safe to drive on the real SAT. Smart Practice Testing Strategies (Based on Your Score Level) In order to make the most out of each of your practice tests, you'll have to use test-taking strategies that work to your advantage. Many improvements are dependent on adjusting your strategy, especially when it comes to issues with running out of time and careless mistakes. The most effective strategies may differ depending on how well you’re currently scoring on the SAT. Crucial Tips for Taking a Practice Test, Regardless of Your Score Level: Stick to the real time constraints Take the test in a quiet, distraction-free environment Only use the materials you will have access to on the real test These tips are important because if you take practice tests with a longer time allotment or with more resources that you'll have on the real test, you won't get a realistic prediction ofyour performance. This will only hurt you in the long run when you end up getting scores that are lower than you expected on the actual SAT. Below are some more specific strategies for high and low scorers. I've divided the strategies this way because high and low scorers on the SAT often have very different needs. Low scorers may be able to afford to skip difficult questions completely, whereas high scorers need to try and answer most if not all of the questions in each section. People at different score levels also tend to make different types of mistakes, which I'll get into in a minute. You would be considered a high scorer if you're consistently scoring an 1800 or higher on practice tests. You would be considered a low scorer if you're consistently scoring a 1500 or lower. For High Scorers: You should approach the test with an eye towards avoiding careless mistakes and preventing yourself from rushing on complex questions.Careless mistakes are usually more common for high scorers.Students who are already doing well on the SAT tend to rush through sections and not take â€Å"easy† questions as seriously, so they end up missing things. Glance at the time now and then to make sure you’re pacing yourself appropriately. You should also be sure to double check your work at the end of each section; you can catch a lot of silly errors if you make a habit of doing this. For Low Scorers: The best strategy for taking practice tests if you’re scoring low on the SAT is to takea quick pass through each section initially and answer all of the easy questions first.This ensures that you won’t run out of time before you get to all the questions that you have the potential to answer correctly.After you finish answering all of the easy questions, you can go back through and spend more time on medium difficulty questions while feeling less pressured to get through the rest of the section. Using these strategies will help you to maximize your score and reduce mistakes progressively on each practice test. You'll be teaching yourself valuable skills for avoiding unnecessary pitfalls on the real test and increasing your familiarity with question types and test content along the way. It might be slow going at first, but with lots of practice you can make big positive changes in your scores. What's Next? Looking for some alternate SAT prep resources? Check out our article on the best websites to use for SAT prep. If you're not sure how much you need to prepare for the SAT, this guide will tell you how long you should be studying for the test based on your goals. You should also take a look at our SAT study plans for sophomore and junior year and for the summer before senior year. Disappointed with your scores? Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

DB 1 - History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

DB 1 - History - Essay Example The Enlightenment made the United States to become democratic; people had the right to choose leaders as well as judges to enforce laws. The freedom of choice as a result of the movement also made the citizens of America to become economically viable. The Enlightenment ideas played very significant roles during the American Revolution as well as the War for Independence. Deism for instance enhanced the unification of the citizens of America. This is evidenced by the majority of the populace who not only remained strongly religious, but also supported good work. It is the religion that was enhanced by the movement that holds the citizens of the U.S. together even currently. Liberalism is also one of the Enlightenment ideas that led to the American Revolution as well as War for Independence (May, 1978). This is evidenced by Jefferson’s draft â€Å"Declaration of Independence†. The Enlightenment made the citizens of the U.S. to develop the notion that government authority is not absolute, but a product of the consent of the governed. â€Å"It is liberalism that also supported the parliamentary form of government that protected liberty of expression and movement† (May, 1978). Republicanism is also one of the Enli ghtenment ideas. It advocated a nation to be ruled as a republic and not through hereditary right. Its effect is also evident today; the state’s head in the U.S. are

What Marx Appear To Mean By The Term Alienation Essay

What Marx Appear To Mean By The Term Alienation - Essay Example His political, economic and social ideas gained rapid acceptance despite the fact that he was largely ignored by other scholars and regimes during his lifetime. His fame rose further after his death in 1883. Marx was a communism’s most zealous intellectual advocate. He made comprehensive writing on the subject which laid the basis and foundation for the political leaders who were to come after him. He studied philosophy but turned to economics and politics in his twenties. Karl Marx’s theories of politics, economics and society, which are collectively referred to as Marxism, argued that all human societies progress through dialectic of class struggles. Such class struggle occurs in a capitalist state. Within such a society, the capitalist classes; the owners of capital compete with the workers. The workers solely have their labour power to offer as a means of obtaining daily bread for their livelihood. Karl Marx referred to the capitalist societies as the â€Å"dictato rship of the bourgeoisie†. Such a society is run by the wealthy class of individuals. Such a management or rule is purely meant to benefit the rich ruling class. A class struggle between the bourgeoisies would lead into a dialectical series which enables the society to be transformed from one state to another. The bourgeoisie would always struggle to maintain and expand their wealth in terms of land and other factors of production. This group of individuals does this by exploiting and exposing the proletariat to harsh conditions characterized by poor wages, less food and poor housing. This would enable to capitalist class to make maximum profit and reduce competition from the proletariat. Alienation basically refers to an act of separation from what is most desired by individuals or from whatever is desirable. Alienation is a discrimination of individuals based on something which is valuable to their existence. A society in which alienation is practiced tends to have some of i ts members get extremely wealthy at the expense of other members of the population. Individual are alienated when they live in conditions which they do not approve of and believe to have been caused and forced into them by external forces. It is a form of discrimination in which individuals are denied or prevented from accessing their rights. Forceful denial of self determination, where individuals lack the power to determine whatever happens to them, is a form of alienation which Karl Marx explained. This paper tries, therefore, to make an analysis into what Karl Marx implied by alienation. Karl Marx and Alienation Karl Marx expresses the meaning of alienation in two words; estrangement and reification. Reification refers to the externalization of aspects of self which there exist a dual sense of lose and identification. This implies that labour became a remote or external action since there is the act of selling one’s self just as a commodity and also an individual no longe r relates or identifies with the outcome of ones labour since it has been an independent action. Estrangement on the other hand refers to a situation in which an individual has a feeling of separation or distance from the society or community. Karl Marx understands the concepts of alienation from a capitalist point of view. His argument of alienation is based on a capitalist context. The capitalist mode of production forms the basis for alienation according to Karl Marx. This focus enables us to look at the source of alienation in its actual context in the human societies that we live in. it also enables us to understand the manner in which all the rest forms of alienation are deeply rooted in the prime cause which is capitalism. Marx identified a mechanism through

Napoleon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Napoleon - Essay Example He rose to prominence under French First Republic during which time he led the France through a series of successive victories against the enemies of the French revolution. In 1799, he orchestrated a coup and he made himself the First Consul. In 1804, he made himself the emperor of the French people. Afterwards, he fought a series of complex wars across Europe which were both for and against him2. During these wars, Napoleon was able to make France a military superpower in continental Europe. Napoleon also forged several alliances in Europe that gave France a lot of influence all over continental Europe3. He elevated his friends and family members to become rulers over other European countries. Although napoleon died almost two centuries ago, many scholars are still fascinated by his personality. There are many questions regarding why Napoleon left Corsica and decided to become the emperor of France. There is also the question of his relentless pursuit of power even when he failed. Many people who met Napoleon could not find the right words to describe his character. Germaine de Stael described Napoleon’s character as contradictory. She described him as a person who was neither gentle nor cruel, neither good nor violent. She concludes that such a person could not feel any sympathy. However, there are other scholars who differ with Germaine like Stendhal who described Napoleon as a man who had amazing abilities and a dangerous ambition. Sigmund Freud attributed Napoleon’s aggression to the aggression he harbored against his elder brother Joseph at a younger age. Napoleon was said to be a dreamer when he was in school. It is therefore possible that his desire t o conquer all of Europe was derived from his desire of portraying himself as great leader4. Napoleon gained a reputation as an intelligent and a determined kid at school. This is in contrary to other leaders like Hitler who have

Movie Comparison of Citizen Kane and Schindlers List Essay

Movie Comparison of Citizen Kane and Schindlers List - Essay Example The researcher of this essay contrasts and compares two significant and well-known movies, that are ‘Schindler’s List’ and ‘Citizen Kane’. There are two powerhouse films, that have made their mark as two of the greatest films in the world. The researcher mentiones in the essay that these movies stamped the names of their directors as forces to be reckoned with in their field. ‘Citizen Kane’ was Orson Welles in every essence of that statement. The researcher provides his opinion on the topic and states that plot was very interesting from beginning to end. It is one that makes the audience think and takes them into a journey. Essentially, as good films go the underlying theme centers on man and how you could easily lose grip of reality and how with all the money of the world you could remain unfulfilled. The story plays on the materialistic propensity prevalent in society, even in the 1940s. But what ‘Schindler’s List’ r elentlessly communicated was a far more humanistic tug on a person’s nature. This movie showed human beings at their worst and a man at his best. The emotional story and how Spielberg was able to transform it into heart wrenching film made it memorable and uplifting more than ‘Citizen Kane’ was able to do. The researcher then concluds that two films tackle wealth, power and influence but where one highlights a man’s fall and the subsequent inconsequentiality of his life because of greed, the other showcased how a man was able to save lives with the same virtues and transcend himself into being a person of hope.

Kudler Fine Foods Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Kudler Fine Foods - Research Paper Example This provides opportunity for the company to concentrate on the segments and provide the products and services which were not adequately provided. Marketing research will also give the company a vision to identify the groups in need of their products and services. These demographic groups can be recognized by age, gender and locations, which will have made it easy for the serving company to provide their services and products (Pride and Ferrell 2012). Another important factor, which is the main reason of running a business, is the increase in profits from the sales of products and services. Marketing research will increase the profits of the company since the company will find a way of increasing profit margins by either producing certain products or selling the products to different demographic segmentations. Furthermore, it will provide the company with a vision on what are the impacts of increase in the prices of the different products and services. Marketing research will make a company sell more of its products and services, since the company will identify which place needs certain products and services, the likes and the dislike of the customers and the change in consumer patterns (Pride and Ferrell 2012). ... Question 2 From an analysis on the current research conducted, it is evident that Kudler Fine Foods should also conduct research on the packaging of their products, which will be done by the organization to make the products more presentable to the consumers. An organization can do this by looking for the best and low cost ways of packaging the produce (Kotler et al, 2008). The store can also conduct a motivational research, which can be done by knowing or finding the reasons behind the buying of certain products by the consumers and what prompts them to buy or ignore other products. Kudler Fine Foods should also conduct research on the foreign markets if it is to provide some of its products to international markets (Kerin, Hartley and Rudelius, 2012). They can do so by knowing what the needs in the internationals are, and markets in which competition is already operating in order for it not find a way of venturing into the international market. The company could also conduct an ext ensive research on product brand names and the ways it could affect the consumers and the competitors. Additionally, the company can conduct research on related products for them to ascertain the relationships between these products and the products currently offered (Kotler et al, 2008). This should be supplemented by conducting market research on competing companies, which will provide them with decisions on what to use on their marketing plans. Kudler Fine Foods can also conduct market research about the distribution channels of different products, which will give them a greater chance to discover the best distribution channel for the products and in turns beat the competitors’ ways of distributing its

Understand the Organisational Purposes of Businesses Essay

Understand the Organisational Purposes of Businesses - Essay Example Understand the Organisational Purposes of Businesses There are three common types of organizational structures, including traditional, divisional, and matrix. However, other kinds of structures also exist, including pre-bureaucratic, bureaucratic, team, and network structures (Thomas and Coe, 2003:124). The commonality between all the different organizational structures is that they aim to improve the organizational efficiency, as well as provide a clear framework of operation and reporting. Nonetheless, they differ in a number of factors. The traditional (functional) structure divides the organization into groups or departments according to their purposes. For instance, an organization with a functional structure may have a production department, a sales department, and a marketing department. This type of structure suits small businesses because each department can rely on the knowledge and talent of its employees. Nonetheless, the main drawback of the structure is the limited communication and coordination between departments by the organizational boundaries. On the other hand, divisional structures are common in larger firms that operate separate smaller organizations under the main umbrella group or in a large geographical area, covering different types of market segments and products.For instance, a manufacturing company may have a compressor division, a small engine division, and a parts division in different geographic locations. Each division specializes in a particular type of need. The main advantage of this type of organizational structure is the rapid and effective resolution of needs. Similar to the functional structure, this form of structure also limits communication as employees work in different divisions. Additionally, this type of structure is expensive because of its scope and size (Salaman, 2002:167). Lastly, the matrix type is a hybrid of the functional and divisional structures. Often adapted in multinational companies, the structure enables an organization to enjoy the benefits of both th e divisional and functional structures simultaneously. In most cases, this creates power struggles as most organizational areas are under dual management: a divisional and a functional manager, both working at the same level and occupying the same management territory. The other common organizational structure is product-based structure, common in companies with multiple product lines. Essentially, each part of eth structure focuses on an individual unit within the company (Walker et al., 2003:124). This structure allows flexibility in the organization, but suffers from lack of achieving company-wide goals and objectives. Structure Advantages Disadvantages Functional (Traditional) a. Division of labour b. Development of team spirit and cooperation c. Mass production a. Emphasis on specialization b. Leads to conflicts c. Weak disciplinary controls Product-Based a. Simple b. Unified control c. Better discipline a. Lacks specialization b. Overburdening of management c. Favouritism Divi sional a. Dispersal of power b. Increased efficiency c. Delegation of duties a. Delayed decision b. Lack of accountability c. Minority tyranny Matrix a. Greater efficiency b. Coordination c. Non-autocracy a. Conflicts between functional and divisional managers b. Authority dependent on management c. Poor administration Decades of research show a link between organizational performance and organizational culture. Despite the lack of

Kudler Fine Foods Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Kudler Fine Foods - Research Paper Example This provides opportunity for the company to concentrate on the segments and provide the products and services which were not adequately provided. Marketing research will also give the company a vision to identify the groups in need of their products and services. These demographic groups can be recognized by age, gender and locations, which will have made it easy for the serving company to provide their services and products (Pride and Ferrell 2012). Another important factor, which is the main reason of running a business, is the increase in profits from the sales of products and services. Marketing research will increase the profits of the company since the company will find a way of increasing profit margins by either producing certain products or selling the products to different demographic segmentations. Furthermore, it will provide the company with a vision on what are the impacts of increase in the prices of the different products and services. Marketing research will make a company sell more of its products and services, since the company will identify which place needs certain products and services, the likes and the dislike of the customers and the change in consumer patterns (Pride and Ferrell 2012). ... Question 2 From an analysis on the current research conducted, it is evident that Kudler Fine Foods should also conduct research on the packaging of their products, which will be done by the organization to make the products more presentable to the consumers. An organization can do this by looking for the best and low cost ways of packaging the produce (Kotler et al, 2008). The store can also conduct a motivational research, which can be done by knowing or finding the reasons behind the buying of certain products by the consumers and what prompts them to buy or ignore other products. Kudler Fine Foods should also conduct research on the foreign markets if it is to provide some of its products to international markets (Kerin, Hartley and Rudelius, 2012). They can do so by knowing what the needs in the internationals are, and markets in which competition is already operating in order for it not find a way of venturing into the international market. The company could also conduct an ext ensive research on product brand names and the ways it could affect the consumers and the competitors. Additionally, the company can conduct research on related products for them to ascertain the relationships between these products and the products currently offered (Kotler et al, 2008). This should be supplemented by conducting market research on competing companies, which will provide them with decisions on what to use on their marketing plans. Kudler Fine Foods can also conduct market research about the distribution channels of different products, which will give them a greater chance to discover the best distribution channel for the products and in turns beat the competitors’ ways of distributing its

Net Present Value and Cash Essay Example for Free

Net Present Value and Cash Essay Need to consider what types and which cash flows should be included in capital budgeting analysis. Damp;D was producing and marketing two major product lines: 1. Lift-Off: Low –suds, concentrated powder. 2. Wave: Traditional powder detergent. Questions amp; Answers: . If you were in Steve Gasper’s place, would you argue to include the cost from market testing as a cash outflow? If I’m Steven Gasper’s I would not include the cost from market testing as a cash outflow. The reason is because the cost from market testing was considered as sunk costs. A sunk cost is an outlay that has already occurred, hence by decision under consideration would not been affected by the costs. Since sunk costs are not incremental cost they should not be included in the analysis. In this case initial cost for Blast, $500,000 for test marketing, which was conducted in the Detroit area and completed in the previous June was consider as a sunk cost and it will not affect Danforth amp; Donnalley Laundry future cash flows regardless of whether or not the new branch is built. 2. What would your opinion be as to how to deal with the question of working capital? Working capital management deals with the management of current assets which are inventories, payroll, and other cash needs and receivables from customers, account receivable, and also procedures financing these assets. In our opinion, have two basic questions involves in working capital policy: (i) What is the appropriate amount of current assets for the firm to carry both in total and for each specific account and (ii) How should current asset be financed. Therefore, the most important element in best buys working capital policy is its inventory management. Refer to the Danforth amp; Donnalley laundry, McDonald suggest to add another $200,000 in working capital, because they estimate this money would never leave the firm and would always be in liquid form, for the first time; it consider outflow but hence inflow. In our opinion, some additional cash is required to conduct operations in Damp;D laundry because additional some cash is needed in order to reserve for some contingency, or as a â€Å"parking place† for funds prior to an acquisition, a major capital investment program, or the like. That concept has been applied to more complex businesses, where it is used to analyze the effectiveness of a firm’s working capital management. Under relaxed current assets policy, Damp;D laundry would hold relatively large amounts of each type of current asset and under a restricted current assets policy; company would hold minimal amounts of these items. Current assets are necessary, but there are costs associated with holding them. Therefore, if Damp;D can manage its current assets more efficiently and thereby operate with smaller investment in working capital; this will increase Damp;D laundry profitability. 3. Would you suggest that the product be charged for the use of excess production facilities and building? Would this opinion change under the hypothetical assumption that needed production facilities for the current line of powdered detergents were at 55 percent of capacity and expected to grow at a rate 20 percent a year and maximum production capacity was 100 percent? What would be the present value of this cash flow given the fact that the currently proposed new plant would involve cash outflows of $5 million in three years (assuming that acceptance of the Blast project would not affect the size of the proposed outlay, only the timing, and that the new plant and facilities would be operable indefinitely). (Hint: Assume that the introduction of Blast would only move the need for a new plant ahead by one year, that the cash outflow would remain at $5 million regardless of when incurred, and that the plant would operate indefinitely. In our opinion, the excess usage of production facilities and building would not be charge into Blast. The reasons of this are:- a) When the machine was bought for Lift-Off productions the cost has been calculated; and b) In obtaining the machine and building for Blast productions no cash payment has been made. Since the production of Blast will occupy current excess capacity, no incremental cash flows are incurred; hence, none should be charged against Blast. Would you suggest that the cash flows resulting from erosion of sales from current laundry detergent products be included as a cash inflow? If there was a chance that competition would introduce a similar product were Damp;D to fail to introduce Blast, would this affect your answer? Yes, it should be treat as an incremental cash flow for the reduction in the sales of the Lift-Off and Wave, referred to as erosion. These lost sales are included because it a cost (a revenue reduction) that the company must bear if it choose to produce the new product (Blast). It will not affect our answer if there was a chance that competition would introduce a similar product at time Damp;D fail to introduce Blast. This happen due to the fact that for constructs cash flow we ignore the competitor effect. 5. If debt is used to finance this project, should the interest payments associated with this new debt be considered cash flows? No. We discount project cash flows with a cost of capital that is the rate of return required by all investors (not just debt holders or stockholders), and so we should discount the total amount of cash flow available to all investors.

The Art Of Modern Burlesque Drama Essay

The Art Of Modern Burlesque Drama Essay The meaning of burlesque has changed throughout its varied history; the earliest form of burlesque can be traced back to Chaucer and his story of Sir Thopas. This piece of writing had no rivals or predecessors at the time and the next form of burlesque was Shakespeare. The playwright John OKeefe is another early burlesque writer; his plays were light-hearted and mocked the upper classes, the operas and plays in a cheeky way. His plays were the foundation of the earliest burlesque shows in London. This form of burlesque is often confused with satire because of the use of humour however they are very different forms of entertainment. Satire is the schoolmaster attacking dishonesty with a whip, Burlesque is the rude boy attacking pomposity with a peashooter Unfortunately the original burlesque shows which were full of comedy and skits have died out; they were considered a very English form of entertainment as the English people were able to mock their upper classes without causing offence. In England burlesque continued to develop and with the introduction of the Music Halls in the 19th century the shows had a permanent home. It was when it went into the music halls that it changed format from a full length comedy play to a series of sketches. Unfortunately burlesque died out in England after the world wars. Simultaneously there was a form of burlesque evolving in America; the popularity dramatically increased in 1868 with the troupe the British Blondes. Their show included comedy sketches and parodies of plays performed by ladies in scanty costumes. By 1873 the parodies had disappeared and the show mainly comprised of dances and political satires. The modern image of burlesque started in the 1920s when the term became synonymous with the striptease. Carrie Finnell performed the first true striptease in 1917; she would take one garment off each night with the promise that she would take another item off in the next show. In this way she inspired the audience to come back to each show. In the 1920s the striptease became the main draw of the show with the variety acts and comedic performances that accompanied it seen as fillers. This view is still popular today. A major part of the modern burlesque show is the use of gimmicks, such as the giant props and over the top costumes; these gimmicks also have their roots in the burlesque shows of the 1920s. At that time there was a saying: Youve got to get a gimmick, if you want to get ahead The popularity of burlesque seems to be directly related with times of unrest and depression. Its popularity increased in the 1930s at the time of the depression, it rose again in the early millennium when the terrorism threat increased and it has become popular again with this latest recession. The main explanation for this is that in times of hardship people seek out cheap, sexy entertainment and burlesque fits this description. When burlesque returned to England it was in the form of the American variety shows with striptease. Historically the majority of burlesque performers are female; this is still the case although male performers are becoming more common. The modern female performers have a great respect for the performers of the past. Females become burlesque performers for a variety of reasons, for many women it is a way of expressing themselves in a way that they would never dream of doing in real life. Burlesque allows the performer to act out their own fantasies and embrace their sensuality. Many performers cite their desire to be a drag queen as the main reason for becoming involved in burlesque performance. When I started doing burlesque, I would tell people it was because I couldnt be a drag queen Many burlesque performances involve exaggerated femininity with the use of heavy make-up; false eyelashes and rhinestone covered costumes which are often associated with drag acts. The women who perform burlesque feel empowered on stage, they often feel like they are empowering the female audience by proudly displaying their body which doesnt necessarily conform to the medias idea of a desirable woman. Feeling sexy and powerful onstage and knowing that you are possibly Changing the way the world looks at you and others who look like you Is an incredibly rewarding by product of the burlesque experience Some female performers have negative experiences and there are some clubs which make the performer feel cheap and exploited by forcing them to expose more that they are comfortable with and to perform to please the male audiences. There are a lot of  ­burlesque clubs that are really oversexualized,  ­really horrible. And I think a lot of girls feel  ­pressured to strip. However these clubs are rare now but were more common in the early 1990s revival; unfortunately many people still hold this opinion of burlesque clubs. The comedy and variety sections of the show are overlooked by many people eager to criticise the whole movement. It is easy to assume that all burlesque performers are arrogant and natural exhibitionists; this is not the case for the majority of the performers and the amount of control they have over their acts gives them the confidence to perform. Like any woman, put me in the wrong light and its not good! I definitely have moments when I feel very hyper-aware of my body some of my stage positions could potentially be unflattering. So I do my own lighting. Being able to control the lighting of a show is a rare thing for a performer and unique to burlesque. The relationship between burlesque and feminism is a much discussed issue, the changing face of burlesque means some feminists are embracing it as a feminist movement and many performers feel they make a feminist statement when they perform. When looking into this it is important to understand the feminist point of view. To deny a womans sexuality is certainly to oppress her but to portray her as nothing but a sexual being is equally to oppress her This statement is undeniably true and some burlesque performers have felt exploited as sexual objects and nothing more; this is demonstrated in Laurie Pennys article in the Guardian. The feminist views on the burlesque striptease are very contradictory. Some feminists are completely against any form of sexual imagery or exhibitionism; Andrea Dworkin was outspoken in her views on sexual imagery. Women are reduced to sexually subordinate vile whores Many people consider the burlesque striptease as a form of subordination which only exists to entertain and fulfil the male fantasy. When arguing against this opinion it is important to acknowledge that the original performances did begin as a fulfilment of the male fantasy. When the burlesque girls began attracting male attention in the 1860s they were managed by men and therefore did not have much control over their acts. At that time the majority of the audience was male so the show was geared towards them. There is always going to be an aspect of the male fantasy in the performance because without it the whole movement would not have developed. The contrasting feminist opinion is that women are sexual beings and should be free to express their sexual desire and pleasures; there is a feminist movement which formed the Feminist Anti-Censorship Taskforce (FACT). This group has published essays that celebrate womens sexuality and have said: Yes, sexual abuse exists and, yes, some images do degrade, But this should not prevent women from being able to represent Their experience as sexual beings This statement is supportive of the burlesque performer as when they are performing they are expressing their sensuality. It is important to understand the difference between the burlesque striptease and stripping in strip clubs. Since they are both forms of stripping the boundaries are indistinct but there are definite differences. The strippers in a strip club will expose much more of their bodies and gyrate to please the audience; their performance changes and becomes more sexual with the tips they receive. A burlesque stripper has a routine, which has been rehearsed, and perfected, it does not alter with tips. A burlesque stripper will never take off all their clothes, their nipples and are never exposed and the performance is more about the tease and what the audience cannot see. A womans greatest asset is a mans imagination This quote was particularly true in the 1920s when many of the stripteases lasted fifteen minutes with the performer teasing the whole time. The acts are significantly shorter in the modern burlesque shows but the tease aspect has continued. Another important difference between strippers and burlesque performers is the costume. In burlesque the costumes are a huge attraction and add to the spectacle of the show. Many of the performers start in a corset; the attraction of the corset is that it emphasises the female form and adds to the exaggerated femininity of the performers. According to Michelle Baldwin a burlesque costume is designed to sparkle shine and flow in the spotlight they are therefore covered in beads, rhinestones and feathers. The more spectacular costumes will move and flow with the dancer so they are often made from a light fabric or covered in tassels. To add to the tease of the show the performers will wear several layers; the final layer consisting of decorated pasties and matching thong. In a strip club less emphasis is placed on the costume and more emphasis is placed on the condition of a dancers body and what men will find attractive. Its an unfortunate truth but the slimmer you are the more money you will make. You dont have to be fashion model skinny but you do have to be tight if you expect to make good money. I personally find that a combination of yoga and weight training is ideal for the kind of look that men like. The costumes in a strip club vary from club to club but a common costume is micro minis and Lycra. A major difference in the costumes of the burlesque performer and the stripper is that the majority of burlesque dancers customise and create their own costumes. They will buy a basic garment and attach the rhinestones and glitter themselves. The main reason for this is that a burlesque dancer will not make much money performing; they do it simply for the love of performing. The audiences of the new burlesque shows are different from the audiences of the early shows and strip shows s that it appeals to men and women. An important difference from earlier burlesque is that the audience is as likely to consist of women and gay men as the heterosexual men who comprised the traditional audience for such shows The new wave of burlesque epitomises the glamour of the past in a way that previous revivals didnt; this is one of the major attractions of the modern burlesque shows; the audience who attend many modern burlesque nights in clubs such as Volupte and The Pigalle Club are encouraged to dress up in vintage clothing. Another reason could be the amazing costumes and spectacle of the show as a whole. The female spectator also come to the show to see a woman who has the same body as them performing a striptease as it makes them feel better about themselves. It is so popular because the burlesque world embraces women off all shapes and sizes. Unfortunately there is a counterargument to this opinion; burlesques most famous face is Dita Von Teese. She has trained her waist to 16; visually she possesses every womanly attribute the media say is desirable; the small waist, porcelain skin and large breasts. She could be said to be consolidating the negative images constantly displayed to the publi c but in a different way to the emaciated models. However she is a strong public figure and her unique appearance encourages women to be individuals and express themselves to be happy. The increased number of female spectators could also be due to the messages behind the show; the performers bring current issues and politics into their shows and react on stage, one example of this is the show of the world famous *BOB*; in one of her shows she plays a voice over of every hurtful thing ever said to her and reacts to it in her performance. Images laced with humour are so much easier to ingest for a consuming public. The nature of the burlesque show means that the performers are able to express the issues they want to without worrying about what is appropriate. The question of whether burlesque can be feminist is complicated as there are so many different clubs that are managed in many different ways. It is difficult to ignore the feminist arguments about the negative objectification of women and some personal accounts do support them. Laurie Penny had a bad experience as a burlesque performer and was made to feel exploited and when Jacki Wilson was an audience member in a burlesque show she was left feeling vulnerable and unsettled. However there are a huge number of positive reactions when it comes to the performances. A lot of current performers believe they are feminist; they have this opinion because of the positive reaction from the female audience members; however a strong feminist would dispute this opinion citing that their objectification was negative. When fledgling performers are taught how to perform burlesque they are taught to enjoy their bodies and the spotlight and not how to please men. We were not taught to please men, we were taught to enjoy ourselves, to revel in our bodies, to enjoy our sexuality, the thrill of the tease and the sensation of being in the spotlight. This is a very significant quote as the thrill of the body and the tease is echoed by many performers. Another positive aspect of burlesque is that it doesnt discriminate against women who are curvy or short; the public are constantly bombarded with images of the size zero models, burlesque embraces all body types; the routines and lighting are all designed to make the performer feel comfortable in their own skin. This is a very important part of the movement as modern day women are made to feel inferior and ashamed of their bodies by exposure to the constant images of airbrushed, surgically enhanced models. Despite the passionate opinions of some feminists who believe burlesque to be a form of negative female objectification it is a mistake to view it in this way. Females are sexual beings should not be repressed or denied their freedom of expression; if they choose to express themselves by performing a striptease they should not be criticized. Burlesque performers are often wrongly associated with sex workers and prostitutes and there is a stigma attached to the name as a result of some of the seedy aspects of its past. Many critics of the movement have not witnessed a true burlesque performance and have a strong opinion that they are unwilling to change. A very clear example of this is seen in the interview conducted with Von Teese by Hannah Pool. Pool was very dismissive of burlesque stripping and would never set foot in a club as she felt the women who attended them let the side down. This is an incredibly narrow-minded and unacceptable argument; no one can criticize a movement so passionately without experiencing it first hand. Burlesque is growing in popularity; the glamour aspect of the movement is attracting a new audience who agree with the opinion that it is empowering. One of the major attractions is that the female audience members see a performer similar to themselves on stage. Unfortunately there are some clubs that are not respectful of their performers and make them feel exploited so there will always be people who oppose burlesque. However the true spirit of vintage burlesque is one that should not be opposed and should be enjoyed by men and women alike.

The Knee :: essays research papers

The Knee   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Most doctors agree that the dehumanization in the clinical setting can lead to the loss of a patient because of the lack of respect they are given. That is a great incentive for doctors to try to get to know their patients and make them feel as comfortable as possible. When a patient attends a teaching hospital where aspiring doctors exam patients in groups, there is no real reward for them learning personal information about the patient. They will move on to start their own practice and probably never see the patient again. However, just because the patients are at a teaching hospital does not make them any less important, so how can medical school programs promote patient-physician relationships when the physician has nothing to gain?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Morals and ethics would tell a doctor to respect their patient’s privacy and keep the examinations discrete. Ideally doctors will know all their patients by name, not disease, know a little bit about their private life and find a point of contact with each patient. When in large groups, doctors and medical students don’t really have the opportunity to speak privately with the patients to get to know them, but should they disregard the patient all together and merely address the chief complaint? In Constance Meyd’s â€Å"The Knee,† â€Å"all eyes are on the knee; no one meets her eyes† and she is viewed by the students and teacher as â€Å"irrelevant† (167). The woman’s â€Å"embarrassment and helplessness are evident† to the examiners, but they disregard her emotions as they continue the leg maneuvers. Common courtesy would tell the group to close the door and allow the patient to cover herself more adequatel y, but the author emphasized that the door was open the entire time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is quite obvious that morals, ethics and common courtesy are not enough to encourage the respect of patients in the educational atmosphere, as is seen in the story. I believe it is the responsibility of the medical school to encourage their teachers to demonstrate ways to connect with patients rather than just teaching the anatomy of health care. Teachers are supposed to be role models for students and if they are not taught to treat patients with respect, the only way they can learn that kind of skill is the hard way; through the loss of patients because of their feelings of irrelevancy at the doctor’s office, or through the complaints of people who are unsatisfied with their quality of health care.

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Ajibade Olorunfemi Professor Damion Quaye EN102 December 1, 2013 Sex Discrimination in Workplace Gender discrimination in a workplace refers to beliefs and attitudes in relation to the gender of a person at work. It is well-defined as adverse action again another person that would not have occurred had the person been another sex. Sexual discrimination should not be scrambled with sexual aggravation, although it is a form of sexual discrimination. Unfortunately, men and women face sex discernment. Women are one of the groups being discriminated against today. They try very hard to fit in and be successful in their careers. In Audre Lorde article on human differences, Age, class, sex and race, she also saw human difference could result as difference in sex. In this research, I was able to determine discernment against women is found in many workplaces. Some managers try to fix this problem, but others just ignore it. Companies that pretend that gender discrimination doesn’t exist are usually the ones that get sued for it most. Other companies try to avoid law suits by dea ling with sex discrimination and resolving fights before it gets to the law suits. Promotion and pay gap are the main concerns in gender discrimination. Many studies in the past and present have shown that women do not get promoted as fast as men and do not get the equal pay for the same kind of jobs as men. Many females feel as if they have been cheated, robbed of what they deserve. Glass ceiling prevents women from moving up in their careers, and in some cases makes it almost unbearable to get a promotion. In my opinion, female workers in the U.S. should be treated equally at work as their male coworkers. Females should be paid the same wages for the same skil... ...g Female† by Pozener, Jennifer L. Article from Montgomery College library database. 21 June 2013. â€Å"Gender discrimination in the corporate world,† by Pratik Gandhi and Sagal Agrawal. Human discrimination definition on .web 21 June 2013 â€Å"Women and Workplace Discrimination.† By Raymond F. Gregory. Book from Montgomery college library. 18 June 2013. â€Å"Sexually Explicit Images in Advertising.† By Tim Boyle. Article from Montgomery college library database. 21 June 2013 â€Å"Gender Work place problem†, by United State Supreme court. Article context from .web July 3 2013. Type 1 and Type 2. Context from by U.S supreme court. Article context from .web 26 June 2013. Women Career Planning, 1996. By women affair 1996. Article context from .web 26 June 2013. â€Å"Raise of Marginal Voice† by Statham Anne. Presents discrimination solutions, from Montgomery College library. 21 June 2013.