tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-10663782633575733552024-02-20T10:37:10.405-08:00Good college essaysHow To Write A Good Essay For College Applicationkristenryan199373http://www.blogger.com/profile/05269075904213391573noreply@blogger.comBlogger63125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1066378263357573355.post-48256221233857857962020-08-26T00:36:00.001-07:002020-08-26T00:36:06.342-07:00Essays on the IntranetPapers on the Intranet Papers on the Intranet Papers on the Intranet Intranet is a private PC organize utilized by a predetermined number of individuals who approach it. The ideal case of intranet is a school PC framework. Intranet is a framework dependent on the Internet advances yet the sharing of data is progressively secured because of the set number of clients and the particulars of the operational frameworks. In the event that you are composing papers on the intranet, this article is helpful for you. Articles on the Intranet Facts In this area you will locate some fundamental realities about the intranet to remember for the starting or foundation segment of your paper. Intranet is based upon indistinguishable advances from the Internet (customer server figuring) Intranet is the private or limited rendition of the web bound to the particular establishment, association, or a gathering of individuals Intranet showed up in mid 1990s in colleges Intranet has confined access despite the fact that it might likewise be open for any endorsed party Intranet doesn't essential approaches the Internet Intranet is accepted to encourage joint effort and utilized as a corporate stage in every single significant company Themes Ideas for Essays on Intranet On the off chance that you don't know how to begin composing a paper on intranet, read the accompanying subjects thoughts. What's more, you may survey the rundown of good article subjects and points for an exploration paper on our blog. What are the advantages of Intranet for organizations? What is the capacity of Intranet at college or school? What is progressively secure: Intranet or Internet? Does intranet add to all the more convenient choices? Is Intranet an integral asset for correspondence? What is the historical backdrop of Intranet development? What are the distinctions and likenesses of the Intranet and the Internet? Articles on the Intranet Custom Writing Few out of every odd individual can turn into a talented specialist and few out of every odd understudy can compose grant winning papers. We comprehend that numerous understudies are battling with article composing and offer a compelling and solid arrangement - custom paper composing. Our administrations are not offered to get your work done rather than your yet rather to assist you with the examination and composing. As our customer, you get uniquely composed paper on the Intranet made without any preparation in full understanding to the guidance. We reference all sources in the configuration you determine and furnish you with free layout and book reference list. We don't duplicate/glue and we ensure creativity of each and every sentence in composed article. You may check all the more free tips on exposition composing, research paper, research paper, coursework, and issue and arrangement article writing:http://.com/blog/issue and-arrangement exposition Peruse moreover: Thesis Proposal Thesis Help APA Thesis Essayists of Term Papers Term Schools Papers about Gospel Music kristenryan199373http://www.blogger.com/profile/05269075904213391573noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1066378263357573355.post-11539335639571171822020-08-22T06:21:00.001-07:002020-08-22T06:21:29.194-07:00Department of Defense (DOD) Information Technology infrastructure Research PaperBranch of Defense (DOD) Information Technology foundation Audit - Research Paper Example This will accomplished by CompTechââ¬â¢s criminologist controls. The organization will give a caution framework that utilizes laser innovation to distinguish interruption and report it promptly to the police. This will guarantee that the secrecy of information and data inside the DOD is shielded from interlopers. The branch of Defense (DOD) inside its orders gives that DOD data must be shielded from security breaks by at least one physical controls (Online Information for Defense Community 2012). It is in such manner that that the CompTech Inc. will give physical security through locks which restrain access to touchy information and data inside the DOD. Physical obstructions will be introduced inside the DOD to preclude access to information distribution centers. The physical hindrances that CompTech Inc. will accommodate the DOD incorporate passwords to section and leave entryways including the lifts. Through physical assurance, the security of information inside the office will be ensured. So as to conform to the data security program that is suggested by the DOD, CompTech Inc. will guarantee that the office recuperates rapidly from any misfortunes of information that radiate from security breaks. The organization will accomplish this through the plan and establishment of information recuperation programming that will go about as a remedial control for information misfortunes. This will guarantee accessibility of information for use with no postponements subsequently execution of fast restorative measures. The Critical Program Information inside DODââ¬â¢s prerequisites and orders will be clung to by CompTech Inc. in its procedural controls. The organization will structure and present preparing applications will help workers inside the division to have sufficient abilities and information on protecting the framework. This will prompt a circumstance where the honesty of data inside the DOD is kept up. CompTech Inc. will furnish the DOD with secure frameworks which are planned and introduced with firewalls, kristenryan199373http://www.blogger.com/profile/05269075904213391573noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1066378263357573355.post-84574973824213659242020-08-11T16:32:00.001-07:002020-08-11T16:32:02.700-07:00Why Mind Mapping - FocusWhy Mind Mapping - Focus Have you ever asked yourself why mind mapping is becoming ever more popular among professionals and students alike? What is it that makes this technique so special and what are its benefits? In this article weve put together the main reasons why mind mapping is increasingly replacing other note taking formats in business and educational contexts. What Are Mind Maps? Mind maps are graphical representations of information. In contrast to the traditional, linear notes you make in a text document, mind maps let you capture thoughts, ideas and keywords on a blank canvas where you can organize them in a two-dimensional structure. The title/main idea is always located in the center of the map and thus always clearly visible. Related ideas branch off from the center in all directions, creating a radiant structure. Why Should I Mind Map? âThe soul never thinks without a mental image.â -Aristotle There are many reasons why mind mapping is used by millions of professionals, creatives and students all over the world. Here are the top 4: Mind maps structure information. Mind maps can store and structure vast amounts of information. They display hierarchy, show relationships between individual ideas and enable you to see the âbig pictureâ at a glance. These features also make mind maps an ideal tool to present information to others, create knowledge pools and solve complex problems. Mind maps enhance productivity. Mind mapping enables you to learn faster, communicate more efficiently and brainstorm more effectively. Whether youâre planning a project at work or writing a scientific paperâ"mind mapping will help you save tremendous amounts of time. According to a survey by the Mind Mapping Software Blog, mind mapping software can increase productivity by an average of 23%. Mind maps foster creativity. There are two things that make mind maps the best brainstorming tool out there. One: The act of developing a mind map stimulates our brain like no other technique and fosters a creative flow of ideas. Two: Mind maps allow you to transcribe those ideas with incredible speed, making for a virtually frictionless thought organization. During a study1 done in 2004 about the effectiveness of mind mapping for students writing assignments, 10 out of 12 people found that mind mapping improved their writing. Not only is it a great technique for students to prepare their essays and papers, its also a fantastic method for bloggers to outline articles and for authors to overcome writers block. See also: 6 Tips to Improve Your Creativity Mind maps improve memory and recall. Mind maps present information visually. They feature a number of powerful mental triggers such as images, colors, shapes and connections which help our brain process and memorize large amounts of information. Studies have found that mind maps can improve memory by 10-15%, others go even higher and estimate improvements of up to 32%.2 Especially students with learning difficulties such as dyslexia or high-functioning autism have reported that they find mind maps to be invaluable study aids. Have you read enough to give the mind map technique a try? Start Mind Mapping Still not convinced? Maybe youre right to be cautious. Check out the Top 7 Reasons NOT to Mind Map 1 Wai Ling, C. (2004), âThe Effectiveness of Using Mind Mapping Skills in Enhancing Secondary One and Secondary Four Studentsâ Writing in a CMI Schoolâ. University of Hong Kong, Masters dissertation. 2 Toi, H (2009), âResearch on how Mind Map improves Memoryâ. Paper presented at the International Conference on Thinking, Kuala Lumpur, 22nd to 26th June 2009. Why Mind Mapping - Focus Have you ever asked yourself why mind mapping is becoming ever more popular among professionals and students alike? What is it that makes this technique so special and what are its benefits? In this article weve put together the main reasons why mind mapping is increasingly replacing other note taking formats in business and educational contexts. What Are Mind Maps? Mind maps are graphical representations of information. In contrast to the traditional, linear notes you make in a text document, mind maps let you capture thoughts, ideas and keywords on a blank canvas where you can organize them in a two-dimensional structure. The title/main idea is always located in the center of the map and thus always clearly visible. Related ideas branch off from the center in all directions, creating a radiant structure. Why Should I Mind Map? âThe soul never thinks without a mental image.â -Aristotle There are many reasons why mind mapping is used by millions of professionals, creatives and students all over the world. Here are the top 4: Mind maps structure information. Mind maps can store and structure vast amounts of information. They display hierarchy, show relationships between individual ideas and enable you to see the âbig pictureâ at a glance. These features also make mind maps an ideal tool to present information to others, create knowledge pools and solve complex problems. Mind maps enhance productivity. Mind mapping enables you to learn faster, communicate more efficiently and brainstorm more effectively. Whether youâre planning a project at work or writing a scientific paperâ"mind mapping will help you save tremendous amounts of time. According to a survey by the Mind Mapping Software Blog, mind mapping software can increase productivity by an average of 23%. Mind maps foster creativity. There are two things that make mind maps the best brainstorming tool out there. One: The act of developing a mind map stimulates our brain like no other technique and fosters a creative flow of ideas. Two: Mind maps allow you to transcribe those ideas with incredible speed, making for a virtually frictionless thought organization. During a study1 done in 2004 about the effectiveness of mind mapping for students writing assignments, 10 out of 12 people found that mind mapping improved their writing. Not only is it a great technique for students to prepare their essays and papers, its also a fantastic method for bloggers to outline articles and for authors to overcome writers block. See also: 6 Tips to Improve Your Creativity Mind maps improve memory and recall. Mind maps present information visually. They feature a number of powerful mental triggers such as images, colors, shapes and connections which help our brain process and memorize large amounts of information. Studies have found that mind maps can improve memory by 10-15%, others go even higher and estimate improvements of up to 32%.2 Especially students with learning difficulties such as dyslexia or high-functioning autism have reported that they find mind maps to be invaluable study aids. Have you read enough to give the mind map technique a try? Start Mind Mapping Still not convinced? Maybe youre right to be cautious. Check out the Top 7 Reasons NOT to Mind Map 1 Wai Ling, C. (2004), âThe Effectiveness of Using Mind Mapping Skills in Enhancing Secondary One and Secondary Four Studentsâ Writing in a CMI Schoolâ. University of Hong Kong, Masters dissertation. 2 Toi, H (2009), âResearch on how Mind Map improves Memoryâ. Paper presented at the International Conference on Thinking, Kuala Lumpur, 22nd to 26th June 2009. kristenryan199373http://www.blogger.com/profile/05269075904213391573noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1066378263357573355.post-38333330035573551522020-05-23T19:22:00.001-07:002020-05-23T19:22:03.905-07:00The Creative Process Of Making A Film - 1252 Words Creating a film, whether it is on an independent or studio level, is a long, meticulous process. It can often take several years, from the time an idea is developed for a screenplay to the moment it gains distribution, for a movie to reach the masses. An example of this is Apocalypse Now, directed by Francis Ford Coppola, which took over three years to get through pre and postproduction (Hearts of Darkness). The creative process of making a film from an idea to a completed project is an incredibly intricate process, and it includes numerous people doing a multitude of jobs. Every movie starts with an idea. This idea for a story is then developed and turned into a treatment, an outline, and after several drafts, a completed screenplay. Concepts for a story can come from many different mediums including: plays, novels, short stories, newspaper articles, life stories, previous films, and television programs (Fortunato). Because acquiring the rights to use previously developed material i s an expensive and difficult process, many writers will come up with ideas based upon their own knowledge and experiences. After writing and rewriting the screenplay, the final step before selling is to copy write the material. The next step to developing the film is to acquire financing, and to determine a budget. However, in oder to determine a budget a production schedule must be created. To figure out a schedule one must first breakdown the script scene by scene. When determining shootingShow MoreRelatedFilm Review : Making A Film1181 Words à |à 5 PagesMaking a film takes a very complex process. This is why films sometimes take months and even years to make. Filmmaking is always broken up into 5 steps. Filmmaking takes a process of the development of the film, the pre-production, production, the post-production, and distribution. This is when the production begins to take shape. Ideas for the film are created and the screenplay is written and edited. During this part of the process financing is planned out and looked at what can be afforded, whatRead MorePixar Case Study Essay1336 Words à |à 6 Pagesa graphics division for LucasFilms (Shamsie, 2001). This continued until 1985, when Catmull finally turned to Steve Jobs with the view to making full length feature films using computer animation. After more than a year of negotiations, Steve Jobs then purchased the graphics division and renamed it Pixar Animation Studios (Shamsie, 2001). A three year film contract with Disney was negotiated in 1991 which resulted in the movie Toy Story being released in 1995 (Shamsie, 2001). Toy Story becameRead MoreCreative Talent And Risk Of Pixar1191 Words à |à 5 Pagesoperating a creative organization. He bases his outline on the key assumption that finding and supporting smart people is much more important to Pixar than good individual ideas (Catmull, 2008). The principles and practices for managing creative talent and risk are proven successful and were transferred to the revived Disney Animation Studio after the merger in 2006. Pixar sees its creativity supporting structure as a competitive advantage based on the fact that all nine released films were huge commercialRead MorePixar1258 Words à |à 6 PagesAcademy Award à ®-winning computer animation studio with the technical, creative and production capabilities to create a new generation of animated feature films, merchandise and other related products. Pixar s objective is to combine proprietary technology and world-class creative talent to develop computer-animated feature films with memorable characters and heartwarming stories that appeal to audiences of all ages. Feature Films On November 22, 1995, Pixar Animation Studios forever impacted theRead MoreFilm Industry : Creative Industry1035 Words à |à 5 PagesFilm Industry CREATIVE INDUSTRY REPORT Mickey Brestakova | HND 3D Animation | 26/09/17ââ¬Æ' Background and History of Creative Industry The Britishââ¬â¢s creative industries have never been stronger. British creators are behind some of the worldââ¬â¢s successful video games, UK architectural corporations lead on high-profile projects across the world, while British films are taking the most wanted of international industry awards. Itââ¬â¢s a way to describe a lot of different activities which have creativity atRead MoreStudio Systems : The Studio System1662 Words à |à 7 Pagesproduction.1 A studio is a company in business for making films for example Paramount and Warner Bros are studios.1 These studios have a system called ââ¬Å"studio systemsâ⬠in which they operate the filmmaking process.1 In mass production systems, writers, directors, actors and all workers in between are under contracts.1 These studios have ultimate control on what is being made, how the producers are making it, what cast and crew were to take part and how the film was to be distributed.1 Large-scale productionRead MoreHow Did Directors And Film Execution Begin?1365 Words à |à 6 PagesIntroduction Directors demand their films to be felt. Whatââ¬â¢s the point of creating a film if it doesnââ¬â¢t invoke thought or feelings? Hence the discussion of filmmaking and the important role the director has in executing a film as a body of work and or art form. However, one has to ask, how did directors and film execution begin? 1829 was the year of inspiration in reference to illusion and or motion. The first ever phenakistiscope or phenakitiscope was created to portray a moving picture whichRead MoreAnalysis Of The Film Pick Up A Camera 873 Words à |à 4 PagesEverything after that youââ¬â¢re just negotiating your budget and your fee.â⬠Anyone can be a filmmaker if they please. But while filmmaking is easy to learn, it takes years of practice. Many filmmakers take years honing their craft, striving to improve their creative skills and become better. From the 19th century to the present, filmmaking has been a growing and succeeding career. The first motion picture ever was made in the year 1872 when an English photographer by the name of Eadweard Muybridge was experimentingRead More Photography Essay1719 Words à |à 7 Pagesblurring of action is not just done at the push of a button, it takes knowledge and an understanding of how apertures and shutter speeds relate to each other under different circumstances with different types of film (Barbara London and John Upton 98). Art or not, photography is a creative process. Another characteristic that sets apart photography fine artist compared to the rest of the worldââ¬â¢s photographers is larger negative sizes (Henry Horenstein 181). Most fine art photographersRead MoreMy Favorite Career : My Future Life And Career1262 Words à |à 6 Pagesin the film industry. I have always had an interest in the creation of movies and I have always loved to watch movies. Watching Star Wars for most of my life has definitely contributed to my love of films. I also have acquired a love of making films by trying it myself. My friends and I have made multiple short films in the past and I loved it. I realized that I can do what I love to do professionally when I get older and it encouraged me to do more research and write this paper. The film industry kristenryan199373http://www.blogger.com/profile/05269075904213391573noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1066378263357573355.post-53004049707655305922020-05-12T17:51:00.001-07:002020-05-12T17:51:03.560-07:00The Problem Of Suspected Bullying Essay - 1975 Words When dealing with someone who is being bullied they may often be upset and itââ¬â¢s very important to take the problem seriously. The child/young person must be listened to in a safe and confidential environment where they are able to express their distress without fear of being embarrassed and where they are free from reprisals. In any case of suspected bullying, concerns about possible signs or changes in behaviour should be reported to the designated person. It is necessary to take what the child says seriously as it will take a lot of courage to report it. Reassure the child that they are not to blame and explain that it will be need to be passed onto someone who can help them. Write down any observations or what has been said but keep the information secure. Never promise to keep the information a secret or draw conclusions, only report what has been noticed or reported. It is necessary to keep lines of communication open with the child concerned and to update them of any out comes both, positive and negative. Support must be given on an ongoing basis so that they donââ¬â¢t feel as though they are alone. Some parents may really struggle to help their child who is being bullying. Some parents may have to cope with the information that their child is a bully. It is necessary to discuss what has happened with parents and work out a plan with them for handling the situation. It is important to listen to parents and let them explain how they feel. Share useful information so theyShow MoreRelatedWorkplace Bullying : Costly And Preventable859 Words à |à 4 PagesWorkplace bullying is a very serious act that has a negative impact on individuals and the organization as a whole. Baack (2012), describes workplace bullying as an interpersonal conflict that is a repeated mistreatment of one or more persons (ch.7, p.19). Unfortunately, despite workplace bullying being so harmful, it is often a common occurrence. In the article, Workplace Bullying: Costly and Preventable, Wiedmer (2010), cites a survey conducted in 2007 by the Workplace Bullying Institute-Zogby;Read MoreThe School Of Anti Bull ying1572 Words à |à 7 Pagesto the child/children who engage in bullying behaviour have: â⬠¢ sanctions and learning programmes which hold them to account for their behaviour and help them to face up to the harm they have caused â⬠¢ they learn to behave in ways that do not cause harm in future because they have developed their emotional skills and knowledge. â⬠¢ they learn how they can take steps to repair the harm they have caused. â⬠¢ the whole-school community is clear about the anti-bullying stance the school takes. â⬠¢ pupils, asRead MoreReflection Paper On Bullying1223 Words à |à 5 Pagesto me. Go ahead, answer the question. Exactly. There is never a valid reason for bullying. I am not going to ramble on about the statistics, enforce the elementary anti-bullying practices, or even attempt to implement alternative solutions. My goal is to expose you to your roles in the bullying circle, motivate you to care, and hopefully drive you to change your own behaviors and the way you approach bullying. Regardless of the attempts by educators to terminate maltreatment in schools, usRead MoreBullying Is Becoming More Spread At An Alarming And Dangerous Rate Essay1152 Words à |à 5 Pages Bullying in schools is becoming more spread at an alarming and dangerous rate. Specifically,School systems that are commonly viewed as excellent sources of receiving education are becoming a host of parasitic bullying, negatively affecting students learning environments. The presence of bullying is presented like a disease and is growing. It has reached a point that to prevent it from becoming worse, school systems need to intervene or establish stricter policies towards anti-bullying so thatRead MoreBullying Is Becoming More Spread At An Alarming And Dangerous Rate Essay1193 Words à |à 5 Pagesreceiving an education are becoming a host of parasitic bullying, negatively affecting students learning environments. Central Idea: The presence of bullying is growing. It has reached a point that as it is becoming worse in school systems and is affecting students of all ages. This calls for a need of intervention or the establishment of stricter policies towards anti-bullying. Introduction In spite of anyone at any age being a victim of bullying, children and teenagers are the primary targets.ChildrenRead MoreThe Department Of Education Is Clear That No Form Of Bullying1500 Words à |à 6 PagesThe Department of Education is clear that no form of bullying should be tolerated. The current anti-bullying guidance for schools is à ¢Ã¢â ¬ ÃÆ'Safe to Learn: embedding anti-bullying work in schoolsà ¢Ã¢â ¬TM We strongly abide by the anti-bullying policy. Everyone has the right to feel welcome, secure and happy. Bullying of any sort stops members of the setting from being able to achieve their full potential and prevents equality of opportunity. Bullying is anti-social behaviour and affects everyone it is unacceptableRead MoreCyber Bullying Has Become A Significant Problem Among Teenagers1583 Words à |à 7 Pageselectronics. Verbal bullying has always happened in schools, but cyber bullying has become a significant problem amongst teenagers. Electronic access to social media outlets such as facebook, twitter, vine and snapchat, has made it easy for people to bully others and since there is no physical contact; it makes the consequences seem less severe. Despite the absence of physical contact or audible insults, cyber bullying can be even more traumatizing than traditional forms of bullying. It takes guts toRead MoreAdvertising And Peer Pressure : Advertising1564 Words à |à 7 Pagesskinny. Facebook today has advertisements all ov er the page. Some on the side and some in your news feed. Though, you can easily distinguish advertisements from friend posts on your news feed by looking for the sponsored text at the bottom of the suspected post. Advertisers use social media to their benefit. Facebook and Twitter gather a lot of data about user anonymously and allow for greater control of who sees their ad. This was not possible in the television medium as anyone could be watching TVRead MoreAnalysis of Fade To Black by Alex Flinn Essay586 Words à |à 3 PagesIn the beginning of the story Clinton is suspected as the person who has commit the crime. He is faced with problems of others. He is questioned by both the police and his family, of where was he when Alex was attacked. But Clinton canââ¬â¢t say where he was because he threw a rock at the Crusanââ¬â¢s house and hurt his sisters best friend. He also called his father when his mother hates when Clinton would do that. Both Alex and Clinton struggle with problems of their family and others. Alex feels asRead MoreBullying Policies And Procedures For Children And Young People1608 Words à |à 7 Pagesin place to prevent bullying and most schools have a zero policy to it. We must also be aware of our own settings policy and procedures for bullying incidents and ensure that we always uphold these policies. If we do this then it leads to trust that the school and the staff take bullying seriously and will not allow it, thus giving the children and young people confidence to report any bullying incidents in confidence, knowing that it will then be looked into. The anti bullying policies and procedures kristenryan199373http://www.blogger.com/profile/05269075904213391573noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1066378263357573355.post-35194774648619221872020-05-06T12:43:00.001-07:002020-05-06T12:43:56.986-07:00Tourettes Syndrome in Children Free Essays Touretteââ¬â¢s syndrome, also called Touretteââ¬â¢s disorder is named after the neurologist, Gilles de la Tourette. Sometimes it is referred to as GTS but more often it is simply called Touretteââ¬â¢s or ââ¬ËTSââ¬â¢. It is an inherited neurological disorder marked by movement-based (motor) tics which are abrupt, repetitive, stereotyped, non-rhythmic movements, as well as vocal (verbal or phonic) tics which are involuntary sounds produced by moving air through the nose, mouth, or throat. We will write a custom essay sample on Tourettes Syndrome in Children or any similar topic only for you Order Now Touretteââ¬â¢s is defined as part of a spectrum of tic disorders, which includes transient and chronic tics. This disorder may appear in multiple family members, and often appears (co-morbid) with other behavioral disorders, in particular ââ¬â ââ¬Å"obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)â⬠(Hawley 2008). People with this disorder have normal life expectancy and intelligence, but symptoms can lead to decrease in normal activities (Walkup, Mink Hollenbeck 2006). Touretteââ¬â¢s syndrome, as described in the psychiatric diagnostic tool DSM-IV-TR criteria is ââ¬Å"associated with distress or social or functional impairmentâ⬠(Hawley 2008). Onset and Diagnosis. The most common first sign to alert people to visit the doctor for a possible presence of Touretteââ¬â¢s is a facial tic such as ââ¬Å"rapidly blinking eyes or twitches of the mouthâ⬠(NTSA 2009). Unintended, involuntary sounds such as throat clearing, shrugging or tics of the limbs may be initial signs but in certain case, although rare, the symptoms become abruptly with multiple symptoms of movements and sounds. Chronic tic disorder is diagnosed with the presence of single or multiple tics, and the presence of motor or phonic tics (but not both) which is present for a year or more. On the other hand, Touretteââ¬â¢s which falls under the category of above is diagnosed when there are multiple motor tics occurring at the same time with one phonic tic and is manifested for more than a year. As a general rule, simple motor tics like blinking are first noticed on the child at around 5-10 years old, while vocal tics start manifesting after 8 years old but before the child is 15 years old. Symptoms of the disorder can be seen in infancy but this is a rarity. As a rule, the symptoms may come and go and children show identifiable signs at round 7 years old (Hawley 2008), and before 18-21years old (Black 2007). Studies found the most onset was between 9-14 years of age (Leckman 2003, Black 2007). Another study showed that tics started below 18 years, but 5 relatives had an onset after the age of 21 years. Affected persons will ââ¬Å"blink, jerk, grunt, clear their throats, swing their arms, grasp or clasp others, have obsessive-compulsive behaviors or use verbal expletives (coprolalia) uncontrollablyâ⬠(Tabers 2001, 2207). In some cases, people suffering from Touretteââ¬â¢s can control the verbal expletives in public but they will express it vigorously once they are in private. Coprolalia, ââ¬Å"the uncontrollable utterance of socially objectionable or taboo words or phrasesâ⬠is the most popular symptom of Touretteââ¬â¢s but it is not required for a diagnosis hence about 90% of patients afflicted with it only Touretteââ¬â¢s does not have coprolalia. The most common, initially noticed motor tic is eye blinking and the vocal tic is repetitive throat clearing (Black 2007). The disorder often persists throughout the individualââ¬â¢s lifespan but severity peaks in adolescence and thereafter decreases to a point that it is almost not bothersome to the person. This average though can be very misleading because some form of fluctuation or recurrence have been documented although it is not severe. There have also been rare cases that reported a recurrence of tics that is bothersome enough to seek medical attention, and have had to maintain lifelong treatment due to progressively worsening of tic activity (Black 2007). Prevalence. Touretteââ¬â¢s syndrome used to be known as a rare condition but it is now contended by doctors and psychologists that it may be more common but misdiagnosed because some cases are so mild that patients and their families discard it as being an oddity rather than Touretteââ¬â¢s. Most children with TS have mild, barely bothersome, non-disabling symptoms, and it is difficult to distinguish the signs of the disorder as opposed to a child acting out such as Mimicking others, blinking being viewed as tormenting someone who may have done so because they wear glasses, or by doing things that others would view as the child just trying to get attention, therefore, medical attention is not a thought to the parents of the child who is doing these things. In some patients the tics improve and disappear as they grow older; hence, they never seek medical attention. The estimated prevalence is 0. 7-4. 2% (Hawley 2008) based on children checked in public schools. Touretteââ¬â¢s is known to be familial and its prevalence rate in first-degree relatives is 5-15% (about 10 times the prevalence rate in the general population). Chronic motor tics occurring, without vocal tics has also been documented as being common in relatives (Black 2007). In special education programs, 26% of students identified tics, as compared to 6% of students in mainstream classrooms led to identification of co-morbidity with having symptoms of TS included ADHD and OCD (Hawley 2008), impulse control disorders, anxiety and mood disorders, as well as difficulties with living and adaptation (Walkup, Mink Hollenbeck 2006). It is estimated that 1 in 10 children per 1,000 have Touretteââ¬â¢s disorder, and as many as 1 per 100 people may have tic disorders. In children, male to female ratio varies from 2-10:1 (Hawley 2008), boys have an increased prevalence for chronic tics compared to girls in exhibiting 5:1 ratio, although some studies show between 2:1 and 10:1 ratios (Black 2007). If OCD data is included as a variant of Touretteââ¬â¢s, their quantities added to the total, the ratio between boys and girls become equal (Hawley 2008). Causes. Environmental factors may contribute to the cause but up to now exact causes of the disorder is still are not known. The clinical phenomenon are very similar across social classes, ethnicity and culture which suggests a genetic basis and the disorder has been reported globally (Hawley 2008). As children pass through adolescence, the tics decrease in severity and it is extremely rare for Touretteââ¬â¢s to persist in adulthood. Whether the resolution is a compensation of the neuro system or a resolution of the underlying pathology is unclear (Hawley 2008). Adults who show signs of the disorder are likely to have shown symptoms since childhood, although these may have been so mild that they were generally unnoticed and undiagnosed. In the US though, most diagnosed patients being examined at research centers and affiliated with lay organizations are white. But this does not necessarily mean that Caucasians have a predisposition, it may merely be due to differences healthcare-seeking behaviors. A non-genetic cause may also exist and is still under research and investigation. Additional evidence is being gathered regarding the differences in severity between affected twins with the twin having experienced peri-natal complications experiencing increased symptom severity (Hyde 1992, Black 2007). Also garnering much attention is the theory that Touretteââ¬â¢s syndrome may be caused by an abnormal immune response to streptococcal infection. In several documented cases, tics began suddenly after a streptococcal infection. As a result of this the case definition for a ââ¬Å"post-streptococcal autoimmune neuro-psychiatric disordersâ⬠came into being (Snider 2003, Black 2007). The difference between other movement disorders such as choreas, dystonias, and dyskinesias and that of Touretteââ¬â¢s ââ¬â these are ââ¬Å"temporarily suppressible, non-rhythmic and more often than not are preceded by a premonitory urgeâ⬠(Black 2007). Just before an onset, an afflicted individual feels an urge that is similar to one felt before a sneeze or an itch that needs scratching. This is often pictured as a buildup of tension and energy which they are then able to consciously release so the sensation is relieved. It is further described as ââ¬Å"something stuck in oneââ¬â¢s throat, a localized discomfort in the shoulders that leads to the need to clear oneââ¬â¢s throat or shrug the shouldersâ⬠(Hawley 2008). The actual tic is eventually felt as relieving this tension or sensation, similar to clearing the throat or shrugging the shoulder. This is how ââ¬Å"premonitory sensory phenomenaâ⬠or premonitory urges are described by sufferers. Medication and Treatment. Often, medication is unnecessary and a safe and effective medication for each and every case of tic is yet to be introduced. There have been medications as well as therapies that help to reduce certain types of tics, but not cure it. In general, the medical management of Touretteââ¬â¢s is the treatment of coexisting behavior symptoms, change in diet, patient and family education. The patient and family are educated regarding how to effectively handle the manifestations of the disorder, and if an effective adaptation is made, they can avoid the use of medications. Medication is only considered when there is substantial interference with social and academic performance, as well as activities of daily living. The target is not for completely eliminating the symptoms but merely to alleviate the social embarrassment and discomfort so as to improve the social and academics life of the child. Various pharmacological agents are used to reduce the symptomsââ¬â¢ severity but it only treats the symptom and often the medications are have neurological effects whereas it has been argued that the disorder is a neurobiological condition. No curative or preventive treatments are atill available for this neurobiological or even biological aspect. There is a growing movement to go against medications because this being a chronic disorder, the goal should be long-term benefit rather than quick improvement at any cost. Families are also getting increasingly worried that the medications might have a detrimental effect in their children, that perhaps in the end, it ââ¬Ëdamagesââ¬â¢ them rather than helping. It has been Resources for the child and families are available in several way which include educating students and school personnel regarding the nature the syndrome as well as improving the school environment will help the patient to avoid pharmacotherapy. Parents and families members of a child who has TS can turn to agencies such as the National Tourettes Association, counseling with the doctorââ¬â¢s, videos, and self help books. Reference List Black, Kevin J.. , Webb, Heather. Neurology: Pediatric Neurology: Tourette Syndrome and Other Tic Disorders. Mar 30, 2007. Available from eMedicine Specialties at http://emedicine. medscape. com/article/1182258-overview Hawley, Jason S. , Darnall, Carl R. , Gray, Sharette K. Pediatrics: Developmental and Behavioral ââ¬â Tourette Syndrome. 23 June 2008. Available from eMedicine Specialties at http://emedicine. medscape. com/article/289457-overview. National Tourette Syndrome Association, Inc. Tourette Syndrome: Frequently Asked Questions Website http://www. tsa-usa. org. Available at http://www. tsa-usa. org/Medical/Faqs. html. 2009. Taberââ¬â¢s Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary. Touretteââ¬â¢s Syndrome. (pp. 2207-2208). Philadephia, PA. F. A. Davis Company. 2001. Walkup, John T. , Mink, Jonathan W. , Hollenbeck, Peter J. Edition: Tourette Syndrome. Lippincott Williams Wilkins. 2006. How to cite Tourettes Syndrome in Children, Essay examples kristenryan199373http://www.blogger.com/profile/05269075904213391573noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1066378263357573355.post-34931297161476278522020-05-03T01:53:00.001-07:002020-05-03T01:53:03.056-07:00Path Planning and Obstacle Avoidance Algorithm â⬠Free Samples Question: Discuss about the Path Planning and Obstacle Avoidance Algorithm. Answer: Introduction Robot is a very essential in many manufacturing industries as it improves the work done by much human labour and also reduces the chances of errors because they are job specific and such errors are inevitable to human, the initial cost of setting up of a robot is high but it will reduce the cost of labour if it starts to work. Some of the distinctive characteristics of a robot include the following: Sensing: Ability to sense its environment by giving it sensors such as light sensor, touch sensor, sonar sensor and chemical sensor, Movement: Ability to move around its environment with a rolling wheel, walking or even propelling. Energy: Ability to power itself, it can be electrical, solar or battery powered. Intelligence: Ability to be smart, through programming, so as to know what it is supposed to do. The robot is a combination of the system containing a control system, sensors, and power supply all working together to perform a task(Bruno Siciliano, 2016, p. 174). The major aim of this proposal is to design an electronic and electrical circuit that is capable of driving and detecting the presence of an obstacle and then commanding a robot to avoid the obstacle management. The moving robot should be able to detect and avoid a potential obstacle on its way and then change the direction of motion accordingly so that its motion is not interfered with(Dilip Kumar Pratihar, 2010, p. 145). The mode of operation should be automatic without any human or manual involvement. The following are some of the components that are used in this design: Photodiodes: These are devices which allow current to flow in one particular direction. The types of diodes that are used in this design are the photodiodes. Motors: It is made to be driven by DC electrical power, the most common types of DC motor are the Brush DC Motor, Brushless DC motor and Coreless DC motor which use both communications internally or externally to create an oscillating AC from DC source(G.N. Roberts, 2006, p. 147). Motor Driver ICs: A driver is an electronic component used to control another electronic device; they are used to regulate the flow of current through a circuit, It performs as a current amplifier because it takes a low current signal and gives a high current signal which is used to drive the motor hence regulating the current in the circuit, the drivers will also regulate the rotation of the motor. When designing the circuit diagram, there is a need of two obstacle sensor since one module may result in unpredictable motor movement and may not assist in smooth diversion or turning of the robot towards a path that is free(Ghangrekar, 2009, p. 174). The diagram below shows a circuit diagram of a single module for the proposed design of an obstacle avoiding the robotic system. A pair of modules will be necessary to the left side and right side of the robotic vehicle. This system is designed to function without special motor driver ICs and without the microcontroller. This means that this system can function without any complex motor driver IC and without any kind of coding. The circuit uses DC motor irrespective of its power, hence an obstacle avoiding vehicle of high power can be made by the use of a similar circuit(Gregor Schner, 2015, p. 245). The IC 555 is designed to function as an IR transmitter and is set to produce a constant frequency of 38 kHz, while the circuit of transistor adjacent is designed as a stage of IR sensor or the stage of the receiver. If the right side module is the first to sense an obstacle in the track, the frequency of 38 kHz produced by 555 IC will be reflected towards the sensor of the adjacent circuit of the receiver. The receiver will trigger the associated transistors instantly such that the ultimate driver transistor is reserved from conducting. Then the motor that is being controlled by this transistor is meant to be situated on the left sideways of the robotic vehicle, which is on the opposite side of the module(Hajime Asama, 2013, p. 196). Likewise, the motor situated on the right side is definitely controlled by the left sideways of the module. Subsequently, when the right-hand side detector of obstacle module triggers, it halts the motor on the left-hand side while the motor on the right side is permitted to move in a normal way. This condition will lead to the robotic vehicle being compelled to take the diversion of the left-hand side which means that the left module begins receiving signals that are stronger and continue forcing the robot to continue stronger on the diversion ongoing until the obstacle is avoided completely(Honghai Liu, 2012, p. 179). The module will then halt receiving the signals of the obstacle and the robot starts moving forward ordinarily on its new pathway. While the other deviation is performed the left side of the module is compelled to become more secluded from the object so that it does not get the chance to hinder the procedure and permit smooth and clean vehicle diversion. Similar procedures are executed in case the left-hand side module senses the obstacle ahead of the module's right side. There is also the presence of stage of disabling circuit in the module that is connected to the right side and the left side modules(Ingemar J. Cox, 2012, p. 249). This stage is incorporated purposely to make sure that both the modules are not triggered at the same time. For example, when the right side module becomes the first to sense an object, it instantly disables the left side module and starts the deviation on the robot on the right. The motors are furnished with gear boxes so that the motion is maintained originally at the level controlled. The complete layout of the fight and left module and the other electrical connections management and components are as shown in the figure below: This is a design of the proposed obstacle avoiding robotic vehicle circuit without using a microcontroller hence the components are affordable as shown in the table below: Component Cost (Dollars) DC Motor Drivers 85 Battery (12V) 47 8 Photodiodes 183 Transistors 19 Connecting wires 0.5 Rubber wheels 0.8 2 IR sensor 140 555 IC 360 2 Motors 112 Total 617.3 Ways of improving the design This design can be improved by incorporating other types of sensors to that it does not only avoid obstacles but as temperature, light, and water. The sensitivity of the robot towards the obstacles can be improved by using powerful sensors that can detect obstacles from a far distance before the vehicle reaches the place(Jadran Lenar?i?, 2012, p. 274). Powerful ICs with higher frequency more than 38 kHz can be used for the faster sensitivity of the robotic vehicle. The components used in designing this obstacle robotic vehicle can be reused to prevent the pollution of the environment. The rubber wheels and connecting wires are environmentally friendly. Batteries cannot be disposed and so they affect the environment negatively. Motors, sensors, ICs, transistors, and diodes should be disposed of properly since they cannot decompose(Honghai Liu, 2012, p. 156). Conclusion The robot is a very essential in many manufacturing industries as it improves the work done by much human labour and also reduces the chances of errors because they are job specific and such errors are inevitable to human. The aim of this project proposal is to design an obstacle avoiding robot without the use of micro controller and coding. The design discussed above meets the all the requirements and is also cheap and simple to design. Bibliography Bruno Siciliano, O. K., 2016. Springer Handbook of Robotics. Michigan: Springer, 2016. Dilip Kumar Pratihar, L. C. J., 2010. Intelligent Autonomous Systems: Foundations and Applications. New York: Springer Science Business Media, 2010. G.N. Roberts, R. S., 2006. Advances in Unmanned Marine Vehicles. Michigan: IET, 2006. Ghangrekar, S. Y., 2009. A Path Planning and Obstacle Avoidance Algorithm for an Autonomous Robotic Vehicle. China: the University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 2009. Gregor Schner, J. S. D. F. T. R. G., 2015. Dynamic Thinking: A Primer on Dynamic Field Theory. California: Oxford University Press, 2015. Hajime Asama, T. F. T. A. I. E., 2013. Distributed Autonomous Robotic Systems 2. Spain: Springer Science Business Media, 2013. Honghai Liu, D. G. R. J. H. Y. L., 2012. Robot Intelligence: An Advanced Knowledge Processing Approach. London: Springer Science Business Media, 2010. Ingemar J. Cox, G. T. W., 2012. Autonomous Robot Vehicles. New York: Springer Science Business Media, 2012. Jadran Lenar?i?, V. P. C., 2012. Recent Advances in Robot Kinematics. Spain: Springer Science Business Media, 2012. kristenryan199373http://www.blogger.com/profile/05269075904213391573noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1066378263357573355.post-29948053753399487622020-03-25T01:05:00.001-07:002020-03-25T01:05:03.515-07:00Aggravated Assault essaysAggravated Assault essays Aggravated assault is the unlawful threat of bodily violence or harm to somebody else, or an attempt to do such harm. The purpose of this paper is to inform the reader about all aspects of the personal crime of aggravated assault. It will illustrate the typical victim and offender and the situations that surround this crime from a citizen and criminologist perspective. Aggravated assault is more serious than assault because the offender inflicts an unlawful attack upon the victim for the purpose of inflicting severe or aggravated bodily injury. This type of assault is usually accompanied by the use of a weapon or by means likely to produce death or great bodily harm. In 1998, there were a total of 1,673,640 aggravated assault victimizations and 1,457,800 incidences. Victimizations indicate the number of people that were received the criminal offense. Incidences mean the scene and time of the assault. For instance, two people are robbed at gunpoint. It is counted as two robbery victimizations and one robbery incidence. Of all the criminal offenses measured by the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS), 5.3 percent of them were aggravated assaults. On average, about eight people in every one thousand people were the victims of aggravated assault. Out of one thousand people, 10.5 males were assaulted and 4.7 females. Black males and females are more likely to be the victim of aggravated assault between the ages of twenty to twenty-four. Twenty-six urban, black males out of every one thousand people are the victims. White males are more likely to be the victim between the ages of twelve to nineteen. White females are more likely to be the victim between the ages of sixteen to twenty-four. In all, black males are most likely to be the victim between the ages of twenty and twenty-four. Thirty-three percent of the victims had an income less than $7,500 annually. Such a low income is probably due to the young age... kristenryan199373http://www.blogger.com/profile/05269075904213391573noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1066378263357573355.post-41919891207988762020-03-06T10:52:00.001-08:002020-03-06T10:52:03.709-08:00Green Technology essaysGreen Technology essays A prospective new law requiring every new car to meet strict emissions standards will soon become a nation wide campaign to reduce air pollution. Some day, might younger generations not have to learn about brown clouds? It is a respectable goal. New laws regarding air pollution standards will obviously yield positive effects. California broke the ice with their ambitious auto emissions laws, and sparked an engine in major auto manufacturers. Soon after the laws introduction, a minimal number of all-electric vehicles were introduced. Unfortunately, low sales extinguished the concept. No wonder: Battery-powered cars run out of juice quickly, take a long time to recharge, and their energy packs which dont last long enough are expensive. However, this was a large step in the right direction. Years of research and development later, Honda and Toyota introduced a new type of ultra-low-emission-vehicles. Known as a ULEV, this new type of car was dubbed a hybrid (Lovins, 3). Hybrid vehicles, which never need to be plugged into anything, are emerging as a more sensible way to get out of the internal-combustion rut. A typical hybrids engine consists of a small gasoline engine linked to a compact direct-current electric motor, accomplishing an astonishing seventy miles to the gallon. All of these new car s may be attributed to the new pollution laws. Another newborn to conscientious consumers is low or non-polluting house appliances. Most models are not on the market yet, but soon will be. Such brands producing these new appliances will be GE, Kenmore, and Fridgidare. To reward environmentally friendly houses, some politicians are pushing for laws to be passed that give tax breaks to conscientious consumers. The exact figure of a tax break is yet to be determined. After the new laws passing, consumers may expect many pollution efficient changes in this area. ... kristenryan199373http://www.blogger.com/profile/05269075904213391573noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1066378263357573355.post-13961119463104496292020-02-19T02:19:00.001-08:002020-02-19T02:19:03.026-08:00Digital Technologies and Contemporary Patterns of Music EssayDigital Technologies and Contemporary Patterns of Music - Essay Example The rapid growth in the digital music market has received a major boost from the ever-increasing popularity of various online music download stores such as various streaming services and iTunes. Modern music consumers are spoilt for options in the possible methods that are at their disposal through which they can be able to acquire new music. These sources range from a wide variety of several non-paid and paid legitimate sources to some other unlawful channels. The impact of the use of digital technology in music production and distribution and the subsequent impact on music consumption is a topic that has been seen to draw a wide variety of comments from several legal experts, pundits, scholars and the music industry (Halsey and Wooley 2009). à The traditional economic and social arrangements that used to surround the production and distribution of music are breaking down at an ever accelerating rate and markets are becoming more consolidated. This paper seeks to establish just how the use of these digital technologies can be seen to be impacting the modern consumerââ¬â¢s consumption of music. à Several decades before the advent and widespread use of the Internet, the music industry was seen to be relatively healthy and its worldwide sales were seen to peak considerably in 1998 (Baym, 2010). Since this peak, the spread of peer-to-peer (P2P) networks, such as Napster have greatly contributed towards the overall decline in the general sale of CDs. The monopoly that was being exercised by reproduction of high-quality reproductions was effectively eliminated with the digitization of music such that the illegal copies being reproduced were now being produced having equal quality standards to the original music (May 2007). Concomitantly, the production of intangible digitized music has resulted in the emergence of new consumption practices. à kristenryan199373http://www.blogger.com/profile/05269075904213391573noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1066378263357573355.post-32489736683226958402020-02-04T03:29:00.001-08:002020-02-04T03:29:03.233-08:00Client's Brief Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 wordsClient's Brief - Assignment Example In the recent times, the number of civilian arrests that has been made on the lines of substance abuse is increasing. As of the year 2011, the first 6 months of the year witnessed an increase of drug abusers arrest by 20% as compared to that of the previous year. Also, the number of first time drug users has also gone up over the years on a steady basis since the year 2008 (Kirkland, 2011). The charity based organization, The Turning Point, which has its financial funding and support from the local government, provides the female victims of substance abuse the opportunity to recover by making them stay and participate in its indoor program for a period of 6 months. The last 3 months of the abuse removal program enables the respondents to participate in working and studying outdoors. The service offering of the charity comprises of residential rehabilitation programs as well as counselling services to the affected victims. Internal environment ââ¬â TOWS analysis The TOWS analysis is often used to analyse the competitive position and advantage of the company. It is of considerable importance to mention that the TOWS matrix is a conceptualized framework that helps in a great way in matching the external opportunities and threats with the factors of company or organization specific strengths and weaknesses. Threats Old residents might contact new outdoor residents for selling of drugs. Competition with other organizations in regards to staff availability and volunteers Donor organizations moving to fund other non profit organizations. Opportunities Expanding the charity based organization in to new locations. Increasing awareness among schools and universities in regards to the problems of drug abuse Create union ship with other non profits organization for fund raising activities. Weakness Re-entering of completely healed patients in the world of drug abuse Problem of arranging education and sustainable lifestyle for the cured residents Difficulty in arranging for shelter for the resident females after their exit from Turning Point. Strengths Highly empowered staff and large number of volunteers. Stringent laws to take care and prevent the possibility of running away of residents. Exemption of tax by the corporate of around 2.5 times to the amount donated to Turning Point External environment The external environment comprises of stakeholders, competitors as well as macro and micro based factors of political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal. Stakeholders Talking about the stakeholders associated with the charity based organization, it can be said that in general lines the entire society is the stakeholder. The reason behind making that statement is the fact that The Turning Point is non profit government funded charity and hence the entire society of Singapore is bound to benefit from a drug addict free environment developed by kristenryan199373http://www.blogger.com/profile/05269075904213391573noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1066378263357573355.post-553120930334741172020-01-26T23:53:00.001-08:002020-01-26T23:53:06.498-08:00Patient Safety The Importance of good record keepingPatient Safety The Importance of good record keeping The purpose of this essay is to look at four of the principles from the Nursing Midwifery Council (NMC) document, principles of good record keeping. The NMC is the United Kingdoms regulator for the nursing and midwifery professionals. It is a professionals responsibility to follow the NMC code, principles of good record keeping, to help safeguard the health and wellbeing of the public (NMC, 2009). These four principles chosen states, Individuals should record details of any assessments and reviews undertaken and provide clear evidence of the arrangements that have been made for future and ongoing care, including any details of information given about care or treatment (NMC, 2009). Ensure records should be accurate and recorded in such a way that the meaning is clear (NMC, 2009). Where appropriate the person in your care or their carer should be involved in the record keeping process (NMC, 2009) and finally Individuals have a duty to communicate fully and effectively with colleagues, ensuring that they have all the information they need about the people in their care (NMC, 2009). In addition to these four principles, this essay is going to discuss each principle and the impact that the principles have on a patients care plan and how the principles maintain within a patients care plan. Record keeping is a fundamental part of nursing practice (Giffiths et al, 2007:1324-1327). The role of good record keeping is to ensure that all healthcare professionals know what care and treatment the patient is receiving. The first principle of good record keeping being discussed states individuals should record details of any assessments and reviews undertaken and provide clear evidence of arrangements that have been made for the future of ongoing care. This should also include details of information given about care and treatment (NMC, 2009). One of the main evidenced based records in a care setting is a care plan. A care plan is a written record that informs individuals about the care and treatment of the patient (Barrett et al, 2009:5-6). Care plans develop using the nursing process. This involves a systematic approach involving assessment, planning, implementing and evaluating. This method provides a framework for professionals, which enables the making of a care plan to be developed, allowing professionals to meet the needs of the patient and protect their welfare (Wright, 2005:71-73). When admitting a patient into a care environment undergoing an assessment is essential. This should cover all basic needs such as hygiene, social, physical and safety needs of the patient, which would also include internal homeostasis needs, for instance temperature, pulse, respiration and blood pressure (Geyer, 2007:29-30). While patients care is ongoing, a document that is widely used within an acute side of the health care setting is EWS; this early warning sign document is a tool that protects the welfare of patients while receiving care from professionals. This tool can enable early detection of patients deterioration, based on measuring vital signs. This tool can highlight risk when monitoring patients and detect when the need for further intervention is required of skilled practitioners (Mohammed et al, 2009:18-24). Assessments can involve a variety of tools the purpose of these tools is to help professionals do their job properly and help toward assessing priority of care (Barrett et al, 2009:87-94). Assessing and planning are ongoing while the patient is receiving treatment. Documenting in a patients record while care is ongoing shows clear evidence of what as to be established, demonstrating the interaction that multi disciplinary teams provides, from the time a patient is admitted in to a care setting to when they are discharged (Barrett et al, 2009:20-23). Within a care plan relevant information is stored about the patient, this should enable all professionals to develop a knowledge of the patient and enable them to have an empathetic understanding of the social, psychological and physical wellbeing of that individual (Barrett et al, 2009:47-56). A patients individual file will also contain details about the history of the patient, this can highlight any risk apparent, ensuring all professionals delivering care to individuals are aware of the patients condition, any known allergies, care required to be delivered and any treatment the patient is receiving. The assessment and planning stage of the nursing process provides an accurate method of which the care plan document can guide professionals. The implementing stage enables professionals to deliver the care agreed and planned throughout written communication. The evaluating stage enables professionals to plan effectively. These four methods of the nursing process is a requirement when developing a care plan this then enables multi-disciplinary teams to be able to provide effective care when protecting the welfare of patients (Wright, 2005:71-73). Documenting the whole care planning process from assessment to evaluation as soon as it has happened is very important. Incomplete documents can cause the patients to suffer through no fault of their own; professionals have a legal responsibility to record documents. Documents need recording in multiple ways. However, written and electronic methods are the main ones widely used within a care environment, with whatever method used records sho uld remain accurate and easily understood. The principle of good record keeping from the NMC, 2009 also suggests, Records should be accurate and recorded in such a way that the meaning is clear (NMC, 2009). Implementing good record keeping in a care plan is relevant for the importance of promoting the welfare of patients. Clinical records shared the whole time a patient is receiving care or treatment and all health records should remain legible. Health professionals read records on a daily basis and it is important that the information in documents can be understood (Powell, 2009:300-301). Records can contain poor handwriting, which can then become very difficult to read, this can have an effect on care delivered to the patient. If individuals do not understand the writing within a patients records, mistakes can occur and put patients at greater risk. Health care records provide a lot of information about patients and it is vital it remains correct. The type of errors made when recording information can include, unreadable handwriting, jargon, spelling errors, typing errors and not recording essential information. Missing out information while documenting in records can put a patient at jeopardy and this highlights a cause for concern. For instance, a patient takes their medication but the nurse who g ave the medication forgot to document it. If professionals do not receive information of when, what time and the date medicines administered to a patient, it may mislead other nurses taking over from another shift causing professional errors and risk of an overdose may occur to the patient (Dimond, 2005:568-570). When recording in medical documents using medical abbreviations can be confusing, especially if the nurse is not familiar with the medical terminology. Professionals perform shortening down medical terminology into a variety of abbreviations throughout healthcare. The nursing and midwifery council makes it clear that abbreviations do not shorten, as there are dangers in using them. Professionals maybe mistaken by abbreviations in documents, this is when misunderstandings can occur. If abbreviations are mistaken and assumed to stand for something else, if implemented it can cause harm to the patient. For instance NFR; not for resuscitation or either way this could mean neurophysiological facilitation of respiration, which is a physical therapy. This abbreviation could cause fatal consequence if it suggests in a patient document that the patient is not required to have NFR and it does not make it clear within that record. Eliminating abbreviations when recording information is crucial as all records should express a clear detailed response (Dimond, 2008:196-198). Information in records should remain clear and accurate, as they are a legal document, for not only the safety of the patient but it also protects individuals from charges of negligence and other forms of malpractice. If a patient comes into any legal disputes, documents should remain professional as it is an individual responsibility as a professional to be legally responsible for what they write and all records should be legible to stand up in court if necessary (Powell, 2009:300-301), this shows how crucial record keeping is. Brooker Waugh 2007 states, If nursing care is not written down then it did not happen. When documents are being produced, where appropriate the person in your care, or their carer, should be involved in the record keeping process (NMC, 2009). This principle is an ongoing development throughout nursing practice, as well as involving patients in any decisions about care and treatment. Communication between nurse and patient develop to deliberate on the arrangement of care. Information within this discussion may come from close family members or carers, if the patients are not able to speak for themselves. Professionals require information from relatives and other individuals close to the family, this is vital within the process of record keeping. Exchanging information is essential to provide safe care towards the patient. During development of record keeping it is important to involve the patient or carers to confirm the care discussed, this is important because the clients care needs clarifying with the overall concept of the care plan and the process of its delivery. This enables the sharing of information throughout multi-disciplinary teams and allowing professionals throughout a variety of services to have access to medical records whenever they may require it (NMC, 2008). Patients records can be vital to staff who do not know the patient well, individuals giving consent for their file to be shared helps professionals to do their job. This then allows the individuals to provide a duty of care and enables professionals to protect the welfare of their patients. The last principle additionally advises, Individuals have a duty to communicate fully and effectively with colleagues, ensuring that they have all information they need about the people in their care (NMC, 2009). Nursing records are an evidence based communication tool; healthcare records are largely significant in communicating detailed information from one service to another. Clinical records are a source of communication throughout the healthcare sector, providing information to protect the wellbeing of individuals. It is essential that good communication is able to develop throughout multidisciplinary teams, ensuring all information exchanged concern patients for which professionals deliver care. When professionals are exchanging information, it provides a foundation for which the continuity of care to patients can continue. Information reported should be clear to professionals so they are up to date of the clients condition, not only verbally but also manually. (McGeehan, 2007:5 1-54). Verbal communication throughout handovers remains essential to practice; handing over information at the end of a shift can be quite brief and having written documentation gives professionals the opportunity to look up on patients information, which will hold important details regarding the patient. This is most valuable especially for staff covering shifts; on some occasions professionals contact relief staff members to cover staff shortage. If individuals giving care do not know the patient, it enables them to read up and gain an insight of the patient, including medical history, current treatment and what care to be delivered, therefore enabling them to deliver care confidently (Featherstone, 2008:860-864). However, discussing these four principles regarding the process of record keeping, it highlights the vast amount of impact these principles can have throughout a care plan document. This involves communicating throughout recorded documentation alerting multi-disciplinary teams of patients details based on facts. This allows professionals to know what the patient requires and continue the care agreed to protect the patient from any harm. Communication has an impact throughout a care plan; all recorded information helps towards the progression of the continuity of care, while delivering it throughout the healthcare sector enabling successful care delivery. Care plans are documents of evidence of the care agreed and the arrangements made by professionals who deliver the care. It provides stability to patients and professionals in connection to any medical intervention between those involved ensuring a secure environment so delivery of care can continue (Barrett et al, 2009:13-14). Recog nising the impacts these principles have on a care plan are standard but the acknowledgment of their impact become relevant throughout maintaining. Maintaining a care plan is a fundamental process established by reviewing and audits. Using these methods to maintain a care plan is essential, as it is an ongoing process to protect the welfare of patients. Reviewing and auditing can instigate the cause for professionals to look into a care plan further. Audits of records allows professionals to determine how well policies are implemented within a care environment and how standards of care delivery are set. This helps establish best practice in nursing records and helps to reduce any risk towards the patient safety, which can arise from poor record keeping (Griffiths et al, 2007:1324-1327). Information recorded draws attention upon the needs of the patient. If a patient was continually complaining of chest pain, this would alert nurses and doctors to investigate the problem and further medical intervention maybe required (Geyer, 2007:23-24). Simply doing an audit raises awareness of the need to improve practice. Regular audits on do cumentation have to take place to identify any necessary errors ensuring standards within healthcare facilities are ongoing and up to date. Reviewing is essential as ongoing factual records of a patients health status can highlight changes in a patients condition. Enabling professional has to amend changes for the best interest of the patient when reviewing documentation (Brooker Waugh, 2007:368-369). Reviews put in place help evaluate a patients plan of care, making sure that the care they receive is relevant to their needs at the time. The aim of reviewing documents and how maintaining them in a care plan is essential and is purposely to ensure that the safety of the patient. Reviewing documents in a care plan focuses very much on the individual receiving care. However, the persons involved in providing care to the patient play a big part in the reviewing process to ensure all care is specific to the needs of the patient (Miller Gibb, 2007:271-271). Reviews and audits play a big part in how records maintaining documents keeps practice current and up to date ensuring the best interest of the patient, and protect the p atients from any harm. Conclusion The purpose of record keeping is the care of the patient and is considered has a fundamental part of nursing practice. It is crucial to the well-being of the patient and the delivery of care; it also ensures that professional standards within a healthcare environment, challenging professionals ensuring the delivery of duty of care. Documents have an impact on everybody involved and written records are important and must comply within the record keeping principles and set standards to multidisciplinary teams, in turn, helping contribute to the quality of care being given. The consequences of poor record keeping are quite clear hence the requirement for medical staff to ensure that the proper procedures are undertaken. Professionals need to keep records to safe guard their patients while protecting their welfare, this highlights the need for this to remain as precise as possible throughout maintaining records while care is ongoing. Recording in documents can assist towards the continui ty of care, which provides a safe stable environment for the patient. Professionals working in a health care environment makes them aware that their workload can become very busy, it is important that they do not let this affect their need to keep records. Time should be set aside for record keeping, if records are rushed errors can develop, poor quality of records cannot show to reduce the quality of care. Good record keeping is a characteristic of a skilled practitioner and it is largely about the various forms of communication from one service to another. Records documented correctly appropriately to the NMC 2009 principle of good record keeping guidelines highlights the need of communication throughout written records. Following these principles enhances the fact of how vital record keeping is, and how record keeping is an essential method used to protect the welfare of the patient. kristenryan199373http://www.blogger.com/profile/05269075904213391573noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1066378263357573355.post-20180640149256346272020-01-18T20:15:00.001-08:002020-01-18T20:15:03.715-08:00Law of Carriage by Rail Essay1) a) Explain how the making of the contract between the consignor and the railway station can exist? The contract between the consignor and the railway company will existing when the railway company has accepted the goods for carriage from the consignor and together with the consignment note make by consignor. The acceptance will be established with the consignment note and will be stamp of the forwarding station. The consignment note is made by the consignor with three copy, each copy for each carriage freight, and the content of the consignment note are correspond with all the terms and condition that was agreed by the Rules. When the consignment note had been made by the consignor and was being stamped by the forwarding station, the consignment note will be an evidence of the making contract between the consignor and the railway station or forwarding station, the content that stated in the consignment shall be correspond or exactly same with the consignor with railway station previously agreed. The responsible of the consignor is extraordinary of the consignment note, which may in accordance with the agreement between consignor and the railway company. In the consignment note was related to the goods such as quantity of the goods or to the amount of packages shall only be evidence against the railway when it had been verified by the railway to regulate that is not any deviation with the particular of the consignment note and has be certified in the consignment note. If that was any necessary these particulars may be verified by other means or it was obvious that there is no actual insufficiency corresponding to the discrepancy between the quantity or amount of packages and the particulars in the consignment note, the latter shall not be evidence alongside the railway. This shall apply in particular when the carriage is handed over to the consignee with the original stamps complete. After the railway company has verified the goods, and they shall to certify a receipt that include the date of acceptance of the carriage and stamped on the consignment note before it was duplicated to the consignor. The railway shall declare acceptance of the goods and the date of acceptance for carriage by assigning the date stamp to or else making the entry on the duplicate of the consignment note before compensating the duplicate to the consignor. The duplicate will not have influence as the consignment note complementary the goods, nor as a bill of lading. Grand Trunk Railway Co. of Canada v. McMillan [1889] In this case is the Grand Trunk Railway Company of Canada as defendant and Robert McMillan as plaintiff. The fact in the case is the railway company have the contract with Robert McMillan, which is a contact for carriage of the goods and it was go beyond of the station of line. The railway company undertakes to carry goods to a point beyond the station of its own line its contract is for carriage of the goods over the whole transit. However the other companies which over of the line they must pass are merely agents of the contracting company for such carriage, and it was in no private of contract with the transporter. In addition, such a contract being one which a railway company may refuse to enter into the contact, it is because of according to section 104 of the Railway Act it does not prevent from restrict the liability for negligence as carriers or else in respect to the goods to be carried after they had gone from its own line. Moreover, inside the contract have a condition from the Grand Trunk Railway Company (defendants), it was stated, they carry the goods form Toronto to Portage la Prairie, Man., it was a place that beyond the station of their line, and the company shall not be responsible for any loss, damage or delay and detention that may happen to goods sent by them. If that has be happen (loss, damage or delay and detention) after said the goods had arrived at the stations or places on their line nearest to the points or places which they were committed to or beyond their held limits. Furthermore for the condition of the contract is provided that no claim for loss, damage, delay or detention of goods should be allowed unless notice in writing with particulars and it was given to the station agent at or nearby to the place of delivery within thirty-six hours after delivery of the goods in order to the claim that was made. The held in this case is because of the condition are not relieve with the company from the liability for the loss and damage that happened during the goods in transit, even if the loss, damage, delay or detention had happened beyond the limits of the company in that own line. As well as the loss having occurred after the transit was over, and the goods delivered at Portage la Prairie, and the liability of the company as carriers having ceased, this condition reduced the contract to one of mere bailment as soon as the goods were delivered, and also exempted the company from liability as warehousemen, and the goods were from that time in keeping of the company on whose line Portage la Prairie was place and it was as an bailees for the goods. That a plea setting up non-compliance with this condition having been demurred to, and the plaintiff not having appealed against a judgment over-ruling the demurrer, the question as to the sufficiency in law of the defense was res judicata. Likewise for the part of the consignment having been lost such notice should have been given in respect to the same within thirty-six hours after the delivery of the goods which arrived in safety. Finally it was be an action against the Grand Trunk Railway Co. and the Canadian Pacific Railway Company jointly for damages caused by injury to the plaintiffââ¬â¢s goods that carry on the Grand Trunk for carriage of goods from Toronto to Manitoba. The goods were only carried by the Grand Trunk over a portion of the route and by the Canadian Pacific from Winnipeg to the place of consignment, and they were in the actual ownership of the latter company when injured. And because of the damage to the goods was not disputed, but the defendants claimed that they were carried under a special contract, by the terms of which they were relieved from liability. b) Briefly explain the party that have the liability to be liable under the carriage by rail? The rail carrier has the liability to be liable for the loss, damage or any delay of the goods that who was under CMR. According to Article 55 is provided that the railways may bring an action to forwarding railway. That is for claim against the railways company due to arising of loss, damage or delay of the goods, and is an action that for reclamation of totality of funded under the contact of carriage of goods might be taken against the railways which have composed that totality or against to railways on behalf it was collected. Based on Article of 54, that is the action against the railways might be brought by the consignor. If any happen action arising from the contact of carriage of goods, the action might brought by consignor until the consignee was take a proprietorship of the consignment note, accepted the goods from the consignor, or declared he has the right to deliver the goods. Or the action against the railways also can brought by the consignee, when the consignee are take a possession of the consignment note, accepted the goods, declared his right or he had been provided that he has the right of action that shall be quenched from the time when a person was entitled by the consignee. However, if they might brought an action against the railways, consignor shall to produce the duplicate of the consignment note, because that will be an evidence that he produce an authorisation from the consignee or deliver resistant that the consignee has refused to accept the consignment note, or the consignee shall to produce the consignment note if it has been furnished terminated to him. In addition, that Article of 36 that is the extent of the liability. The railways has a number of exclusion from the liability. In fact the railways shall to be liable for the loss, damage or delay of the goods, and occasioning from the total or some of the partial of loss, damage or delay from the consignor or between the time that had acceptance for carried out the goods loading and the time delivery and inherent vice of the goods such as defective packaging, decay of the goods or wastage. The railway company shall be relieved of such liability when the loss, damage or delays or the goods that had carried, due by the cause of fault on part of the person entitled, or by the person that entitled other than as result of a fault on the part of the railway which the railway could not avoided and which is unable to prevent the consequence. For instance, under the agreement between the consignor and the railway in the consignment note, the goods should be under the condition that applicable that had been stated in consignment note, any absence or lack of the filler of the good which by their nature shall be liable to loss or damage when the goods was not packed or not be properly packed, or defective loading that had been carried by the consignor, any irregular, incorrect or any incomplete description of the article not been acceptable for carriage or acceptable matter to conditions or failure on part of the consignor to observe the prescribed protections in respect of article acceptable matter to conditions, or the carriage of the live animal and what stated in the consignment note must be accompanied by any attendant, if the loss, damage or delay of the goods had been resulted in the risk of the attendant was intended to obviate, all the circumstance, the railway shall be relieved of the liability when it was cause in resulted in loss, damage or delay of the goods. For example in the case of Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd. v. Canadian National Railway Co., Rainbow Industrial Caterers Ltd. v. Canadian National Railway Co., [1991], see as well the case of Grand Trunk Railway Co. of Canada v. McMillan [1889]. Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd. v. Canadian National Railway Co. In this case the Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd is the plaintiff and Canadian National Railway Company is the defendant in the cases. The fact in the case was as an import of a train derailment cargo owned by the plaintiff was severely damaged. The cargo was being accepted under a ââ¬Å"Master Transportation Agreementâ⬠between the plaintiff and Fujitrans as a freight forwarder. The goods made in Japan and were carried by sea to Vancouver where it was discharged for further carriage to Ontario by rail. Furthermore, the defendant rail carrier assumed, pursuant to Section 137(1) of the Canada Transportation Act, S.C. 1996 and an agreement between Casco, another freight forwarder, that it was entitled to limit its liability to $50,000. However the rail carrier was entitled to limit his liability. The held in the case is which is the right of the defendant as a rail carrier to limit its liability depends on it establishing the existence of a ââ¬Å"confidential contractâ⬠under ss. 126 and 137 of the Canada Transportation Act that is a ââ¬Å"written agreement signed by the shipperâ⬠and that contains a limitation of liability. The ââ¬Å"shipperâ⬠within the meaning of the Canada Transportation Act in the circumstances of this case was Casco not the plaintiff. In addition, the requirement of a ââ¬Å"signedâ⬠copy of the agreement does not necessarily require that an actual contracted copy be produced. In this case, the existence of signed consignment of the agreement was sufficient. The plaintiff impliedly or expressly agreed to and authorized the subcontracting by Fujitrans to Casco and by Casco to the rail carrier. Moreover, the plaintiff had express awareness of the terms of the agreement between Casco and the rail carrier. Accordingly, the plaintiff is guaranteed by the limitation even without any private of contract between it and the rail carrier. Rainbow Industrial Caterers Ltd. v. Canadian National Railway Co., [1991] In this case the Rainbow Industrial Caterers Ltd as an appellant however Canadian National Railway Company as a defendant in the cases. The fact in the cases is actually they have two different industrial caterers, both of them is from Albert and in BC, and they was joined and administer as one entity that called as ââ¬Å"Rainbowâ⬠. Canadian National Railway Company decided to call for tender for the catering of the meals and service for all the work of crews on a nation-wide basis for the good weather work period in 1985. It had estimated that 1,092,500 meals that will be required. Canadian National Railway Company was notified to Rainbow that the meals are total expected to be 85% of the values listed in the tender document, after the Rainbow was made the bids at $4.94 per meal. It was caused the Rainbow was to increase its bid to $5.02 per meals. As a result that the Rainbow was accumulate that it was losses month by month, because of the number that the meals required was very less than the number given as by the Canadian National Railway Company, and it was caused the Rainbow lost about $1,000,000 on the contact and sued to Canadian National Railway Company. Rainbow was brought an action in tort on the basis of negligent misstatement and misrepresentation in the contact. It is mean that was a breach of the contact and negligent misstatement. The held in the cases is the appellant is looking for the damages in an action for the negligent of misrepresentation is entitled to be put in the position, which if the misrepresentation had not been made. Thus, in tort of action the object is to put the appellant in the position that would have been in if the tort had not been committed. The position would have been is a matter that the appellant must to establish on a balance of the probabilities. However the Canadian National Railway Company was argue that the much of the losses was not caused by the negligent misrepresentation and would have been suffered even had the estimated was accurate. Canadian National Railway Company position is that the losses caused by the conduct that cannot be recoverable in the misrepresentation claim. But, the Canadian National Railway Company is bore the burden of proving the Rainbow would have a bid even if the estimate had been accurate. That was not being proved and it is taken as a fact that the Rainbow would not have to contract had the estimate been accurate. The conduct would not have occurred if there had been no contracted and these losses are causally and directly connected to the contract and the contact is causally connected to the negligent misrepresentation. Finally, this damage was foreseeable and there are not remote. The court was not satisfied that the Rainbow would have entered into the contract in the absence of the misrepresentation, so the damages claimed by the Rainbow were predictable. Furthermore the appellant may compete that all its losses on the contract were caused by the negligent misrepresentation but if it is shown that the loss was caused by factors other than the misrepresentation, and then the chain of causation is broken down. Generally, the plaintiff establishes a prima facie case by proving losses resulting from the contract. But the defendant may demonstrate that the chain of causation was broken by. For instance that the appellant was acts in own, the acts of third parties, or other factors disparate to the circuitous misrepresentation. Tort responsibility is based on mistake, and losses not caused by the defendantââ¬â¢s fault cannot be charged to it. It is for the appellant in constricting to make appropriate allowance for contingency such as conditions. The plaintiff may also have claim against third parties who cause it loss. To strengthen, the plaintiffsââ¬â¢ losses may have been caused by the respondent in negligent misrepresentation, or other wrongful acts or omissions of the respondent, whether in negligence or breach of contract and the plaintiffsââ¬â¢ acts or errors, the acts of third parties, factors unrelated to the faulted either the plaintiffs or the defendant. Trial judge wrongly held that all the appellant contract losses must be certified to and made no findings with respect to the other potential, in spite of the fact that the defendant Canadian National Railway Company led verification on them. These findings must be made if fairness is to be done. kristenryan199373http://www.blogger.com/profile/05269075904213391573noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1066378263357573355.post-42802377529948126312020-01-10T16:39:00.001-08:002020-01-10T16:39:02.767-08:00Outline and Evaluate One Theory of AttachmentOutline and evaluate one theory of attachment (12 marks) Bowlbyââ¬â¢s theory is an evolutionary theory because, in his view attachment is a behavioural system that has evolved because of its survival value and, ultimately, its reproductive value. According to Bowlby, children have an innate drive to become attached to a caregiver because attachment has long-term benefits. Both attachment and imprinting ensure that a young animal stays close to a caregiver who will feed and protect the young animal.Thus attachment and imprinting are adaptive behaviours. Infants who do not become attached are less likely to survive and reproduce. Attachment ââ¬Ëgenesââ¬â¢ are perpetuated, and infants are born with an innate drive to become attached. Since attachment is innate, there is likely to be a limited window for its development i. e. a critical or sensitive period. Development of all biological systems takes place most rapidly and easily during a critical period. Bowlby applied the conc ept of a sensitive period to attachment.He suggested that the second quarter of the first year is when infants are most sensitive to the development of attachments. The drive to provide caregiving is also innate because it is adaptive (i. e. enhances survival of oneââ¬â¢s offspring). Infants are born with certain characteristics, called social releasers, which elicit caregiving. The social releasers include smiling and crying. Another social releaser is a babyââ¬â¢s face. Attachment is the innate behavioural system in babies; caregiving is the response in adults. Both provide protection and thereby enhance survival.The formation of attachments depends on the interaction of these systems. Attachment is important for protection, and thus acts as a secure base from which a child can explore the world and a safe haven to return to when threatened. Thus attachment fosters independence. Bowlby also believed that infants form a number of attachments but one of these has special impor tance. The bias towards on individual, the primary attachment, is called monotropy. Infants also have other secondary attachment figures that form a hierarchy of attachments.The one special attachment is most usually an infantââ¬â¢s mother. Bowlby believe that sensitive responsiveness was the key ââ¬â an infant become most strongly attached to the person who responds most sensitively to the infantââ¬â¢s social releasers (the ââ¬Ësensitivityââ¬â¢ hypothesis). This person become the infants primary attachment figure, providing the main foundation for emotional development, self-esteem and later relationships with peers, lovers and oneââ¬â¢s own children. Attachment starts as the relationship between a caregiver and infant.This relationship may be one of trust or of uncertainty and inconsistency, and creates expectations about what all relationships will be like. Gradually the infant develops a model about emotional relationships: Bowlby called this an internal worki ng model. This model is a cluster of concepts about relationships and what to expect from others ââ¬â about whether relationships involve consistent or inconsistent love, whether others make you feel good or anxious, and so on. The internal working model means there is consistency between early emotional experiences and later relationships.This leads to the continuity hypothesis ââ¬â the view that there is a link between the early attachment relationship and later emotional behaviour; individuals who are securely attached in infancy continue to be socially and emotionally competent, whereas insecurely attached children have more social and emotional difficulties late in childhood and adulthood. The research by Lorenz supports the view that imprinting is innate because the goslings imprinted on the first moving object they saw. A similar process is likely to have evolved in many species as a mechanism to protect young animals and enhance the likelihood of their survival.If at tachments fail to develop, the conclusion from research appears to be that once the sensitive period has passed it is difficult to form attachments. For example, Hodges and Tizard found that children who had formed no attachments had later difficulties with peers. If attachment did evolve, as Bowlby suggests, to provide an important biological function, then we would expect attachment and care giving behaviours to be universal i. e. found in all cultures. Tronick et al. (1992) studied an African tribe, the Efe, from Zaire, who live in extended family groups.The infants are looked after and even breastfed by different women but usually sleep with their own mother at night. Despite such differences in childrearing practices the infants, at six months, still showed one primary attachment. This supports the view that attachment and caregiving are universal and not influenced by different cultural practices. Many psychologists have criticised Bowlbyââ¬â¢s ideas regarding montropy and argued that the babiesââ¬â¢ attachment to the first attachment figure is not necessarily special or unique.Schaffer and Emersonââ¬â¢s longitudinal study of 60 Glasgow babies found that multiple attachments seemed to be the norm for babies rather than the exception ââ¬â at the age of 18 months 87% of babies had multiple attachments. Schaffer and Emerson also found that the strongest bond was not necessarily to the mother as Bowlby had implied. At 18 moths, only half of the samples were strongly attached to their mothers and about a third were strongly attached to their fathers.Bowlbyââ¬â¢s ideas about the importance of attachments have produced substantial amount of research. Most evidence suggests that early attachment experiences can have an influenced on later adult relationships. However, it is important not to overestimate this influence and to consider other factors such as later life events, which influence adult relationships. Bowlbyââ¬â¢s idea regarding monot ropy has been challenged and evidence supports the view that multiple attachments may be the rule rather than single and unique attachments. kristenryan199373http://www.blogger.com/profile/05269075904213391573noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1066378263357573355.post-44957663573984639822020-01-02T13:03:00.001-08:002020-01-02T13:03:02.615-08:00Leadership Style Of A First Patrol Boat - 1167 Words 1. Websterââ¬â¢s Dictionary defines leadership as ââ¬Å"the action of leading a group of people or an organizationâ⬠. That definition does the word no justice as leadership can look like a great many things to different people, and there are equally as many ways to lead. A leader can lead through fear or respect, by word or by action. Numerous leaders have influenced my career and leadership style to this point. Most notably, the Chief of my first Patrol Boat was one of the biggest influences I have experienced in my career. He conveyed confidence, empowered his people, and exuded the charisma to inspire people to want to be better, if nothing else, to not disappoint him. Simultaneously, he demonstrated the ability to hold people accountable, andâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦I struggle to include the feedback of other both during and after a decision making process. I also struggle with setting concrete plans and achievable milestones. I have also never really sat down and established what I wanted my personal leadership philosophy to embody, and evaluate whether I am projecting those qualities. 2. To become a more effective leader, I must first make strides on asking others for feedback. That is the element that seems to be instantly recognizable in self-evaluation. Recent results from the Kouzes and Posner Leadership Practices Inventory (LPI) survey reinforce that assessment. This category was my lowest score across self and peer evaluation. I even received feedback from supervisors and co-workers stating the need to seek more feedback. I openly admit to being a skeptic. I learned at a young age to question everything. However, I have not been as forthcoming in allowing others to question and contribute. I also have a tendency to have a very small circle of trust. There have been a very finite number of people that I have truly valued their opinions. At this point in my career I am surrounded by experts in their fields, who know more about many elements than myself. Additionally, numerous years of working in law enforcement and emergency response have conditioned me to mak e rapid decisions. This process involves hot washes where the team analyzes those decisions after the event has concluded. It is prudent Leadership Style Of A First Patrol Boat - 1167 Words 1. Websterââ¬â¢s Dictionary defines leadership as ââ¬Å"the action of leading a group of people or an organizationâ⬠. That definition does the word no justice as leadership can look like a great many things to different people, and there are equally as many ways to lead. A leader can lead through fear or respect, by word or by action. Numerous leaders have influenced my career and leadership style to this point. Most notably, the Chief of my first Patrol Boat was one of the biggest influences I have experienced in my career. He conveyed confidence, empowered his people, and exuded the charisma to inspire people to want to be better, if nothing else, to not disappoint him. Simultaneously, he demonstrated the ability to hold people accountable, andâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦I struggle to include the feedback of other both during and after a decision making process. I also struggle with setting concrete plans and achievable milestones. I have also never really sat down and established what I wanted my personal leadership philosophy to embody, and evaluate whether I am projecting those qualities. 2. To become a more effective leader, I must first make strides on asking others for feedback. That is the element that seems to be instantly recognizable in self-evaluation. Recent results from the Kouzes and Posner Leadership Practices Inventory (LPI) survey reinforce that assessment. This category was my lowest score across self and peer evaluation. I even received feedback from supervisors and co-workers stating the need to seek more feedback. I openly admit to being a skeptic. I learned at a young age to question everything. However, I have not been as forthcoming in allowing others to question and contribute. I also have a tendency to have a very small circle of trust. There have been a very finite number of people that I have truly valued their opinions. At this point in my career, I am surrounded by experts in their fields, who know more about many elements than myself. Additionally, numerous years of working in law enforcement and emergency response have conditioned me to ma ke rapid decisions. This process involves hot washes where the team analyzes those decisions after the event has concluded. It is prudent kristenryan199373http://www.blogger.com/profile/05269075904213391573noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1066378263357573355.post-2853335446653081062019-12-25T09:29:00.001-08:002019-12-25T09:29:04.391-08:00Comparing the Hero in Sophocles Oedipus the King,... Heros in Sophocles Oedipus the King, Homers Odyssey, and Tans Joy Luck Club In world literature, there are two types of archetypal protagonists, the mythic hero and the tragic hero. Mythic heroes, like Homers Odysseus, represent the combination of superhuman virtues and human imperfections. These traits create a supernatural adventure with a realistic character. The mythic hero is favored by divine powers and eventually achieves a certain goal or completes a certain journey. On the other hand, there is the tragic hero, like Sophocles Oedipus. The unfortunate tragic hero has a penchant for attempting to escape a doomed fate. The tragic hero lives under the shadow that the gods place. Literature throughout theâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Throughout his journey, it is clear that he embodies the mythic hero archetype. The proof lies in the fact that the final destination, Ithaka, clearly overshadows his place of departure, war-torn Troy. In the following excerpt, Odysseus expresses gratitude and joy to King Alkà noà ¶s and Queen Arà ªtà ª, wh ile embarking on his journey home. O king and admiration of your people, [...] my blessings on you all! This hour brings fulfillment to the longing of my heart: a ship for home, and gifts the gods of heaven make so precious and so bountiful. After this voyage god grant I find my own wife in my hall with everyone I love best, safe and sound! (Homer 361) Additionally, the mere fact that the gods and the other characters are in favor of Odysseus return home makes him a mythic hero. The mood of the story is one of victory, in which the best is yet to come. Odysseus revels in the feeling of eventual success because the other characters in the story are all on his side. Athena and some other gods and goddesses intervene into Odysseus journey, confirming the happy ending from the very first page. Athena introduces the story herself, by saying: But my own heart is broken for Odysseus, / the master mind of war, so long a castaway / ... / But such desire is in him / merely to see the hearthsmoke leaping upward / from his own island, that he longs to die (Homer 220). Odysseus success is also verified kristenryan199373http://www.blogger.com/profile/05269075904213391573noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1066378263357573355.post-57032035681527140662019-12-17T05:19:00.001-08:002019-12-17T05:19:02.755-08:00Diabetic Retinopathy And Non Endocrine Fibroblast Growth... Diabetic retinopathy is induced by changes in retinal vasculature due to diabetic pathologies. Studies have shown endocrine fibroblast growth factor-21(FGF21) and non-endocrine fibroblast growth factor-1(FGF1) have therapeutic potential by increasing insulin sensitivity in vivo through unresolved mechanisms. To investigate this effect within the retina, exogenous FGF1(0-100ng/mL) and FGF21(0-100ng/mL) were administered to the murine-photoreceptor cell line, 661W. FGF1(p0.05), with a high dose restorative effect for both FGFs. Results on the effects of FGFs on scar tissue is pending. FGF1 and FGF21 demonstrate therapeutic potential in type-2 diabetic retina. Introduction The global presence of type-2 diabetes, which results when insulin-producing beta cells cannot compensate for rising insulin resistance, has risen constantly.In 2014, 9 percent of the adults worldwide had diabetes, and of those with diabetes, 90 percent had type 2 diabetes (World Health Organization, 2014). Not only has this global phenomenon has influenced other countries but it also has increased prevalence of obesity and insulin resistance in the United States,affecting 29.1 million people with diabetes (National Diabetes Statistics Report, 2014). The current treatments for diabetes, such as Thiazolidinediones, are highly effective oral medications with detrimental side effects including congestive heart failure, bone loss and weight gain(Suh et al. 2014). There is several evidence that fibroblast kristenryan199373http://www.blogger.com/profile/05269075904213391573noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1066378263357573355.post-83586128467800356072019-12-09T02:02:00.001-08:002019-12-09T02:02:03.370-08:00Depreciation Methods free essay sample Methods Depreciation is the accounting process of allocating the cost of tangible assets to expense in a systematic and rational manner to those periods expected to benefit from the use of the asset. Factors Involved in the Depreciation Process 1. What depreciable base is to be used for the asset? 2. What is the assetââ¬â¢s useful life? 3. What method of cost apportionment is best for the asset? Depreciable Base for the Asset The base established for depreciation is a function of two factors: the original cost, and the salvage or disposal value. Salvage value is the estimated amount that the company will receive when it sell the asset or removes it from service. It is the amount to which the company writes down or depreciates the asset during its useful life. Example: An asset is purchased for $10,000. The company believes that it has a salvage value of $1,000. Original cost $10,000 Less: Salvage value 1,000 Depreciation base$ 9,000 Methods of Depreciation The accounting profession requires that the depreciation method employed be ââ¬Å"systematic and rational. We will write a custom essay sample on Depreciation Methods or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page â⬠The following are examples of depreciation methods: 1. Activity method (units of use or production) . Straight-line method 3. Decreasing charge methods (accelerated): a. Sum-of-the-yearsââ¬â¢ digits b. Declining-balance method The following information will be used to illustrate each of the above methods: Stanley Coal Mines recently purchased an additional crane for digging purposes. Cost of crane$500,000 Estimated useful life5 years Estimated salvage value$50,000 Productive life in hours30,000 hours Activity Method The activity method (also called the variable-charge or units-of-production approach) assumes that depreciation is a function of use or productivity, instead of the passage of time. A company considers the life of the asset in terms of either the output if provides (units it produces), or an input measure such as number of hours it works. The crane Stanley purchased poses no particular depreciation problem. Stanley can measure the usage (hours) relatively easily. If Stanley uses the crane for 4,000 hours the first year, the depreciation charge is: (Cost less salvage value) X hours this year Total estimated hours ($500,000 $50,000) X 4,000 30,000 = $60,000 Straight-Line Method The straight-line method considers depreciation a function of time rather than a function of usage. Companies widely use this method because of its simplicity. The straight-line procedure is often the most conceptually appropriate, too. Stanley computes the depreciation charge for the crane as follows: Cost less salvage Estimated service life $500,000-$50,000 5 =$90,000 Sum-of-the-Yearsââ¬â¢-Digits The sum-of-the-yearsââ¬â¢-digits method results in a decreasing depreciation charge based on a decreasing fraction of depreciable cost (original cost less salvage value). Each fraction uses the sum of the years as a denominator (5+4+3+2+1=15). The numerator is the number of years of estimated life remaining as of the beginning of the year. In this method, the numerator decreases year by year, and the denominator remains constant. At the end of the useful life, the balance remaining should equal the salvage value. YearDepreciation BaseRemaining life in yearsDepreciation FractionDepreciation ExpenseBook Value, End of Year 1$450,00055/15$150,000$350,000 2$450,00044/15$120,000$230,000 3$450,00033/15$90,000$140,000 4$450,00022/15$60,000$80,000 $450,00011/15$30,000$50,000 Totals:1515/15$450,000 For assets that have a long life span, the following formula can be used to determine the denominator: n(n+1) 2 For example, if an asset has a useful life of 51 years, you would calculate the denominator: 51(51+1) 2 =1,326 YearDepreciation BaseRemaining life in yearsDepreciation FractionDepreciation ExpenseBook Value, End of Year 1$450,0005151/1,326$17,308$482,692 2$ 450,0005050/1,326$16,968$465,724 3$450,0004949/1,326$16,629$449,095 4$450,0004848/1,326$16,290$432,805 5$450,0004747/1,326$15,950$416,855 Etcâ⬠¦ Declining-Balance Method The declining-balance method utilizes a depreciation rate (expressed as a percentage) that is some multiple of the straight-line method. For example, the double-declining rate for a 10-year asset is 20 percent (double the straight-line rate, which is 1/10 or 10 percent). Unlike other methods, the declining-balance method does not deduct the salvage value in computing the depreciation base. For example, if Stanley chose to use the double-declining-balance method, the crane would depreciate at twice the rate of the straight-line rate. See below: YearBook Value of Asset First YearRate on Declining Balance (a)Depreciation ExpenseBalance Accumulated DepreciationBook Value, End of Year 1$500,00040%$200,000$200,000$300,000 2$300,00040%$120,000$320,000$180,000 3$180,00040%$72,000$392,000$108,000 4$108,00040%$43,200$435,000$64,800 5$64,80040%$14,800 (b)$450,000$50,000 (a)Based on twice the straight-line rate of 20% ($90,000/$450,000 = 20%; 20% X 2 = 40%) (b)Limited to $14,800 because the book value should not be less than the salvage value. kristenryan199373http://www.blogger.com/profile/05269075904213391573noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1066378263357573355.post-90801566301552498402019-12-01T13:43:00.001-08:002019-12-01T13:43:03.932-08:00The Lamb by William Blake Summary and Analysis Example For Students The Lamb by William Blake Summary and Analysis The speaker, identifying himself as a child, asks a series of questions of a little lamb, and then answers the questions for the lamb. He asks if the lamb knows who made it, who provides it food to eat, or who gives it warm wool and a pleasant voice. The speaker then tells the lamb that the one who made it is also called the Lamb and is the creator of both the lamb and the speaker. He goes on to explain that this Creator s meek and mild, and Himself became a little child. The speaker finishes by blessing the lamb in Gods name. Analysis William Flakes The Lamb is an intricately complex poem written in 1789. The poem takes its central focus the grand question of creation, but it does so in an understated way, opening as a simple question to a sweet, delicate creature: Little Lamb, who made thee? The first half of the two-stanza poem has the speaker ask the lamb who is responsible for life and creation of this sweet creature with the softest looting of delight and Gave thee such a tender voice. The lamb functions as a symbol for the connection between humanity and the natural world. We will write a custom essay on The Lamb by William Blake Summary and Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Associated with the rural English countryside, the lamb is also a symbol of pastoral innocence, bridging the gap between the urban world of humanity and the natural world of Gods creation. Pastoral life also takes a central position in the poem. The collection of work in which this poem appears, Songs of Innocence, includes many Astoria scenes. These idyllic images of life outside of bustling cities firmly establishes a sense of peace and tranquility within these poems, including the The Lamb. This connects the figures of the poem to the natural world, where the figures of the poem can contemplate their existence without the interference of completely human elements. Flakes gentle phrasing lends a reflective, spiritual mood to the piece, which answers the question in first-person narrative in the second stanza that higher power is responsible. In answering as Jesus Christ, Blake displays his own reverence for God in the phrases: He is called by thy name, For He calls Himself a Lamb. He is meek, and He is mild; He became a little child. I a child, and thou a lamb, We are called by His name. Little Lamb, God bless thee! Little Lamb, God bless thee! By stating the lambs creator as Jesus Christ, Blake is establishing that everyone is in some sense a little lamb, created by God. kristenryan199373http://www.blogger.com/profile/05269075904213391573noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1066378263357573355.post-39026659625681592992019-11-26T17:05:00.001-08:002019-11-26T17:05:04.184-08:00Civl Rights essaysCivl Rights essays During the time of 1963, Black people had been suffering in the hands of injustice for about two hundred years. Even after the Emancipation Proclamation many of them were frustrated and discouraged because of their social status. On August 28, 1963 one of the greatest and most prominent civil rights speakers took the stage to address many supporters of the cause. On that day Martin Luther King, Jr. spoke the words "I Have a Dream" speech at the March of Washington for Jobs and Freedom. By way of these words, he hoped to make his fellow advocates of civil rights to rise up and to take actions. He tried to inspire people to fight for the "unalienable Rights of Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness." He had inspired growing national civil rights movement. His goal was to completely end the system of segregation in every aspect of public life (stores, no separate bathrooms and drinking fountains, etc.) King tried to influence to lift up his brothers and sisters, Blacks and otherw ise and to make them step up with their whole hearts to the challenge and to fight for their equal rights. He was a strong and determined man. That is why many people believed in him. He was a very confident man and he deeply believed in equal rights. That is why he believed in himself and believed in his cause and that is why he started out his speech like this "I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation. He knew that a huge crowd would be their supporting him. People from all over came to D.C. to hear his speech. Most were blacks, but there were also whites that were supporting the Civil Rights Movement. In delivering his speech, Martin Luther King included certain rhetorical components in order to raise action to his audience. Repetition is always a very important rhetorical device of a rise-to-action speech. Audiences are more likely to be mov... kristenryan199373http://www.blogger.com/profile/05269075904213391573noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1066378263357573355.post-58415148238794528202019-11-23T00:39:00.001-08:002019-11-23T00:39:03.659-08:00Using Press Releases . . . to Find WorkUsing Press Releases . . . to Find Work Ever wonder where some authors get their ideas to pitch to magazines, blogs, and online sites? I rarely hear of this trick being used anymore, but I consider it a tried and true habit that will land you article after article in your freelance career. Read press releases. We hear about creating press releases, but we never hear about reading other press releases. But each and every morning, when you sit down to your computer and report to work, all you have to do is open your email to the press release services youve signed up for, and the ideas come bubbling out.à How do you sign up for press releases? You go to the same places youd post a press release: www.prnewswire.comà www.prweb.com www.pr.com www.ereleases.com www.24-7pressrelease.comà www.newswire.com You can also find press releases at: Tourism sites (state, city, regions) Government sites (FBI, USDA, IRS, State Dept) International sites (European Union, the UN, NATO) Corporate sites (Microsoft, Apple) University sites I pulled a random one off a site to set an example: Ylang Ylang Beach Resort Joins Home Country of Costa Rica in Participating in International Day of Yoga pr.com/press-release/676097 From that one press release, in seconds, I thought of five story ideas for publications. Topics about International Yoga Day, practicing yoga on vacation, Costa Rica holidays, a profile of the resorts owner and her affiliation with yoga, retreats that specialize in yoga. I once met a freelance writer who opened her day reading press releases then pitching magazines . . . and that was her full-time living. Sounds so uncomplicated, doesnt it? kristenryan199373http://www.blogger.com/profile/05269075904213391573noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1066378263357573355.post-7249851957472830522019-11-21T03:48:00.001-08:002019-11-21T03:48:08.432-08:00To Defend a Killer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 wordsTo Defend a Killer - Essay Example When this generalization is applied to the current circumstances, it becomes clear that the solicitorââ¬â¢s actions could not have been following utilitarianism as he did not know the outcome of his actions. It could have been possible that his forged signature would enabled Janeââ¬â¢s freedom but it was also possible that his forgery would have been caught leaving him in peril. Thus, when the solicitor was taking the action of forging Janeââ¬â¢s signatures, he was exposing both Jane and himself to risk which does not conform to utilitarianism as it requires the greatest happiness for all involved. However, when the consequences of the solicitorââ¬â¢s actions are considered, it becomes clear that his action was utilitarian in nature as it ensured Janeââ¬â¢s freedom and did not put the solicitor in danger either. In this sense, the solicitorââ¬â¢s action is utilitarian in nature. Ethical egoism contends that moral agents ought to act in order to preserve their self-interest (Sanders, July, 1988). However, this does not mean that ethical egoism is beyond ethical measure because it is extremely self-centered. Instead, the ethical egoist perspective delineates that a moral agent can only act in self-interest if the interest of another person are not endangered (Smith, 2006). When the current case is reviewed it becomes clear that one person, Jane was already in danger and that the solicitor acted to minimize the danger present to her. However, in doing so the solicitor exposed himself to danger knowingly because if the forged signatures were detected, the solicitor would be punished under law. This behavior on the part of the solicitor puts him in direct conflict with the ethical egoist perspective as ethical egoism would advocate protecting personal interests. Under the ethical egoism domain, the solicitor should have left the case as is because his kristenryan199373http://www.blogger.com/profile/05269075904213391573noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1066378263357573355.post-53335870461662017142019-11-19T14:54:00.001-08:002019-11-19T14:54:03.272-08:00Article by robert wright Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 wordsArticle by robert wright - Essay Example The dominant culture to occupy the world as a standard mode of carrying activities has been the bone of contention in this area. Wright on his view states that the Americans have been on the fore run of ensuring that their values are appreciated all over the world. On the other hand, this has initiated reactions in different parts of the world leading to attacks such as terrorism (Wright, 2). This has been realized in the recent past with increases attacks on America. The attacks include organized terror groups who target America in the effort to kill their dominant position in the world. In the process there have been challenges in handling terror group and rebellious countries as evident with Iran. Iraqi had organized terror groups that looked into putting down the American domination efforts. Considering this it is worth noting that America has had difficult time in doing away with such groups despite it being a super power. Dealing with Iraqi in the war had to take lots of efforts and technology as the Americans also suffered losses during the terror attacks executed by the Saddam led group. Both Kaplan and Wright apply the historical occurrences that have determined the progress and behavior of the various dominating powers. By this, Americans have been viewed as those who lead in ideologies and principles followed by most parts of the world. On the same note, they bring in Christianity as the religion that seeks to dominate the world originating from the west, especially America. The recognition of Christianity as the religion to be adopted right from the historical perspective defines it all. Both Kaplan and Wright puts it on the perspective that globalization has been a historically linked event that is still to be towed. Generation after generation keeps applying their efforts towards ensuring that the whole world follows a given form of operation. kristenryan199373http://www.blogger.com/profile/05269075904213391573noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1066378263357573355.post-36470733400076292912019-11-17T03:25:00.001-08:002019-11-17T03:25:07.744-08:00Learning Skill Essay Example for Free Learning Skill Essay ?The attributes of the learners and how they can help the learners to be successful in an online learning environment Education of children is compulsory, formal and standardized. Adult learning is voluntary and intentional. The purpose of adult education is the independent self-directed learner. Adults tend to resist a learning process which is incongruent with their self-concept as autonomous individuals and does not correspond to their needs and interests. Adults focus on direct application. Given their daily duty in job, profession, family and community, they learn to cope with the pressures and problems of life they are facing. For that reason, the adult educatorââ¬â¢s concern is primarily focused on the needs and interests of the learners. Andragogy (adult education) calls for program builders and teachers who are person-centered, who donââ¬â¢t teach subject matter but rather help persons learn (Knowles). Hence, the interests of adults are their real needs. Or the solutions learners have in mind do not solve their problems. The adult educator often has to register into a needs negotiation (Bhola) with learners when teaching new needs about boiled water or a balanced diet, about clean surroundings, preventive health practices or small families. In the dialectical process of needs negotiation the needs as felt by the learners and the needs as seen by the adult educators must be showed together to reach a consensus on the real needs. These real needs must agree to the experience of adult learners. If an adult gets the impression that his experience is not being valued he feels turned down as a person. New learnings take on meaning as adults are able to relate them to their life experience. Experienced adult educators, so, build into the design of their learning experiences provision for the learners to plan and rehearse how they are going to apply their learnings in their day-to-day lives or duties and combine training with transfer and application. A workshop then really can become a workplace where educational materials are produced or evaluation studies are designed. According to Knoxââ¬â¢s proficiency theory the learning needs for an adult move upward from life situations and interpersonal communication. Social expectation motivates and empowers an adult to search for more knowledge, better expertness and more suitable performance. Adult learning is based on experience, on the learnersââ¬â¢ own experience and on the experience of others. Learning settings of adults usually have a participatory and collaborative basic part. Adults prefer to meet as equals in small groups to explore outcome and concerns and then to take common action as a result of dialogue and inter-learning by discourse. The group becomes the learning co-operative. The group provides the opportunity for inter-learning. Within the group the teacher as well as the other group members plays the task of facilitators. All group members become co-agents (Bhola) in learning. The absence of formal accreditation or certification facilitates collaboration not only on a specific product or outcome but even in structuring and restructuring the learning process according to the needs and interests of the group. The learning process becomes as important as the learning outcome, and a balance between both is often not easy to maintain. How much freedom can actually be given to the adult learner in choice of content and way? Adult learning is life-centered. It is learning by doing, by application and experience, and if need be by trial and error. Adults do not simply to get knowledge created by outsiders, but should examine their own reality themselves and make a positive declaration about it. Praxis is the focus of effective adult learning and praxis means analysis and examination of reality in order to transform it. Adult learning is without interval process of investigation and exploration followed by proccess of doing something grounded in this exploration, followed by reflection on this action, leading to further investigation and so on. The principle is testing not banking (P. Freire) of knowledge. Exploration of new opinion, skills and knowledge take place in the context of the learnersââ¬â¢ experience. In settings where skills are being learned, learners become acquainted with skills, apply these in real life settings, redefine hoe these skills may be altered by context, re-apply these in other settings and so on. Adults explained the meaning of ideas, skills and knowledge through the medium of their life-experience and test them in real life settings. To make the learner self-directed is the intention of adult education. But the self-directed learner is neither the one who can retrieve information or locate resources nor the one who appears in group dynamics. The inner-directed, self-operating learner (R. Kidd) is the one who reflects critically on his own assumptions and is keen to find alternative and better solutions. The learning process contributes largely to the success of learning. But learning is more than just the learning process. A participative learning process which fails to assist the learners inà acquiring knowledge and competence is a failure. A participative learning process may take more time because it means active involvement of everybody, discussing all the proââ¬â¢s and conââ¬â¢s, despite that it must lead to concrete results combining commitment with competence. Education is, as Brookfield points out a ââ¬Å"transactional encounters. That means that the sole responsibility for determining curricula or for selecting appropriate methods does not rest either with the educator or with the learner. If the first acquires, then we have an authoritarian style and a one-way transmission of knowledge and skills. If curricula, methods and evaluative criteria become predetermined solely by what learners say they want, then the cafeteria approach governs the educational process. Accepting the felt needs logical basis without any further inquiry and needs negotiation means that the facilitator has to give up responsibility for the learning process and the accomplishment of learning aims and objectives. Successful learning especially in workshop settings means to keep the balance between the learning process and the learning outcome so that the results justify the efforts and if they are not excellent they should be at least and always ââ¬Å"good enough. Successful distance learners are self-motivated, self-reliant and self disciplined. Distance learning students are the architects of their own learning surrounding, have the ability to manage their study time and schedule. Students can often customize their learning projects to fit their personal interests and there is great chance for personal growth and individual academic success. This requires both internal personal motivation and discipline, and also requires the establishment of a supportive personal learning environment and may require elimination of certain activities to make room for online learning in daily life. Distance learners should be self sufficient, self-directed individuals. The online environment enables students to learn at their own pace, relieving some of the pressure of traditional seated learning and making learning more enjoyable but requires that the student is able to identify learning goals and objectives and focus their attention accordingly. Distance learners become independent problem solvers, doing their own research and expanding their lifelong learning skills. This process helps them to grow critical thinking skills and the ability to interpret and synthesize reading materials, articles and research papers with differing points of view and in the process develop their own positions and beliefs about the subject matter. Some computer and Information literacy is necessary for a distance learner. Distance learners should possess a working knowledge of email, the Internet, and basic keyboard skills. Instructional material within the learning management system will provide all the other skills needed to access and begin the online or distance lesson. Distance learners may be required to develop skills for researching and locating information from several sources and differentiate and assess them for inclusion in distance learning assignments and research projects. Distance learners should be energetic and disciplined managers of their own time. Students must be able to organize and plan their own best study schedule. While individual learners may prefer a different time of day or times in the week to give up to their distance learning study and projects, it is important to devote time each week to course work and it is vital that the distance learner understand that the same amount of time is involved in distance education courses, and traditional seated courses. The distance learner should assess his or her best time of day for study, either it is early morning or evening, every person has a best time of day for learning and thinking. A intentional effort must be made to carve out time in the studentââ¬â¢s daily schedule for an optimal study time. Study time should not be the time that is left at the end of the day, unless that is the time when the student is most lively and attentive. All learners and especially distance learners need effective communication skills. The particular nature of distance education requires that communication be done in a written format, whether it is email, written assignments or discussion forums, the written word is vital in distance education. The ability to write clearly and communicate ideas becomes more important since it is the primary means of communication in distance learning. The successful distance learner has a strong sense of responsibility and personal commitment to academic success. Online learning, like many things in life, reaps rewards equal to the energy put into the changes. The independent nature of distance education to insist upon the presence of motivation, and discipline but commitment and follow-through are also vital. kristenryan199373http://www.blogger.com/profile/05269075904213391573noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1066378263357573355.post-56024953278368332932019-11-14T15:57:00.001-08:002019-11-14T15:57:04.887-08:00Confucius :: essays research papers Confucius and Lao Tzu Confucius and Lao Tzu were two highly known scholars in Ancient China. These scholars with their intellectual writings changed the views of the Chinese people. Confucius believed in the moral values and filial piety, he also wanted civic obedience. Lao Tzu was a mystical writer, his comparison between a "perfect world" and the "real world" made people think to act as loving and caring peoples. (Expand on what they thought about) Confucius was brought to the world sometime in 551 BCE in the state of Lu. Confucius was born to the name Kââ¬â¢ung Chââ¬â¢iu, and his father died when he was only 3 years old, leaving his family to a life of poverty. Even though poor, Confucius was given a fine education. Then at the age of 19, he married and had a son and two daughters, but after two years of marriage he was stricken with poverty once again. With poverty striking again he was forced into menial labors for the chief of the district in which he lived. When his mother died in 527 BCE he mourned for a long period of time. After this stage of his life he began a new way of life as a teacher, traveling from place to place with a small group of disciples preaching. His teachings of Chinese ideals and customs soon spread all throughout Lu. In his speeches he also taught the people gathered his view of filial piety and his views of moral values. Then at the age of fifty he was appointed as the minister of crime of Lu. This administration was very successful, and Confucius made Lu very powerful and free from crime. Confucius never wrote his teachings out on paper himself, however they were passed down through his disciples and later wrote out in text form in a document called "Lun Yu."(Encarta ââ¬â¢98, "Confucius) Lao Tzu was born sometime around 570 in the province of Henan and there he was a court librarian. Lao Tzu was not his real name; this name was given to him as an honorific title meaning "Old Master." Lao Tzu spoke to groups of people, about life the way he thought it should be, which was a natural way of life with goodness, serenity, and respect. He did not lay down any code of law of behavior; he believed that conduct came from instincts. He also believed that human life as well as everything else was influenced by outside forces, and simplicity was the key to truth and freedom. kristenryan199373http://www.blogger.com/profile/05269075904213391573noreply@blogger.com0